Sector Trend Analysis – Pet food trends in India

Pet population and ownership

The pet population in India has increased significantly by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.9% from 18.1 million pets in 2016 to 31.7 million pets in 2021. The pet population is forecast to increase moderately by a CAGR of 9.6% as the pet population is expected to grow to 50.1 million pets by 2026.

In 2021, dogs accounted for 87.4% of the pet population (27.7 million) while cats accounted for 9.1% (2.9 million). Of note, cat ownership in India has been historically low due to superstition. Recent efforts by cat food manufacturers to spread awareness of the benefits of cat ownership has encouraged the Indian pet owner to become increasingly receptive to owning a cat (Euromonitor International 2022). Cats, as a choice of pet, attained the largest CAGR of 14.8% as the population increased from 1.5 million in 2016 to 2.9 million in 2021 and are expected to obtain the largest CAGR of 11.1% in the forecast period, as the population increases to 4.9 million by 2026.

India's dog ownership experienced a 9.5% increase in CAGR from 13.9 million households in 2016 to 21.9 million households in 2021. The corresponding percentage of those households owning dogs increased from 5.1% in 2016 to 7.4% in 2021. The number of households owning cats also increased from 1.2 million in 2016 to 1.6 million in 2021 representing an increase in the percentage of those same households owning cats from 0.4% to 0.5% in the same period.

Retail market size

The pandemic and the government implemented home seclusion measures fostered a positive influence on pet adoption in India. The need for companionship in particular, has led to an increase in the adoptions of pets, as more citizens spent more time at home to limit the spread of the virus. As such, the local demand for pet care, both pet food and pet products, has benefitted (Euromonitor International, 2022).

Pet owners as a consumer, remain largely price conscious. They are however, becoming increasingly focused on the health and wellness of their pets and are spending more on pet dietary supplements and better-quality pet food (Euromonitor International, 2022). Pet foods that incorporate amino acids, omega-3 and omega-6, as well as prepared food are highly valued by pet parents in addressing the nutritional requirements of their pets. Relatedly, social media has played a key role in educating pet owners of new products and increasing sales of pet products and accessories, as owners share photographs and videos of their pets online (Euromonitor International, 2022).

Retail sales of pet food in India has increased significantly by 18.5% in CAGR from US$172.5 million in 2016 to US$403.4 million in 2021 and is expected to increase in CAGR by a further 17.1%, attaining US$887.6 million by 2026. Although the rapid increase in pet adoption in India continues to drive sales of pet food in 2022, this growth rate is expected to gradually slow over the course of the forecast period as consumers resume normal routines (Euromonitor International, 2022).

Dog and cat food were the largest categories in terms of absolute value, with retail sales of US$393.6 million (97.6% market share) and US$9.1 million (2.3% market share) respectively in 2021, as established brands have continued to move towards healthier products with natural ingredients (Euromonitor International, 2022). The dog food category in particular, attained the largest CAGR of 18.6% in the historic period as retail sales of food increased from US$167.6 million in 2016, and is expected to attain a CAGR of 17.2% with sales of US$870.4 million by 2026 as the pet humanization trend strengthens (Euromonitor International, 2022). Of interest, bird food, despite its lower absolute value of US$0.2 million in 2021, attained measurable increases in CAGR of 14.9% in both periods, while fish food is also expected to increase substantially in CAGR by 20.1% from retail sales of US$0.4 million in 2021 to US$1.0 million by 2026.

Company shares

The two largest pet food companies in India, Mars Inc and Indian Broiler Group, controlled a combined 66.8% of the total retail market share in 2021, with Mars Inc representing a majority of the market share (52.1%) held. Of the two companies, Indian Broiler Group, experienced the largest CAGR of 4.5% as their market share increased from 11.8% in 2016 to 14.7% in 2021. Of interest, Nestlé SA, despite its lower market share representation of 1.3% held in 2021, made significant advances in CAGR (47.2%) from its entry into the Indian pet food market with a market share representation of just 0.6% in 2019, as Néstle India announced that it will acquire the pet food business from Purina Pet Care to establish entry into the rapidly growing industry in India (Euromonitor International, 2022). Colgate-Palmolive Co in comparison, experienced the largest decline in CAGR of 12.9% as the company's market share decreased from 1.2% in 2016 to 0.6% held in 2021. Private label pet food companies experienced no change in CAGR (0.0%) as their market share remained 0.5% from 2016 to 2021.

According to Euromonitor International, Mars International India Pvt Ltd retained its overall lead in pet care in 2021, supported by its strength in the pet food category. The company's success can be attributed to its wide distribution and strong brand presence among local pet owners, in addition to providing products with various pack sizes and products for different breeds. Mars also increased their visibility in the sector by implementing and participating in various marketing campaigns to spread pet adoption awareness, not only of pedigree breeds but also of shelter animals and strays, amidst the pet parent population. Mars has also recently made a significant investment in expanding its factory in Telangana, India to address the increasing demand for prepared pet food in Asia Pacific.

Brand shares

Leading, as well as other pet food manufacturers, are experiencing increasing sales due to the overall growth in demand for pet food. According to Euromonitor International (2022), established brands face competition from online start-ups which operate in niche areas such as organic pet food or health-targeted food products or accessories.

Pedigree (Mars Inc) was the largest pet food brand in India with retail sales of US$128.4 million in 2021, representing a moderate increase in CAGR of 18.3% from US$55.4 million in 2016. Royal Canin, the second largest pet food brand from Mars Inc, attained US$73.0 million in 2021, representing an increase in CAGR of 15.2% from retail sales of US$36.0 million valued in 2016. Of interest, retail brand Drools (Indian Broiler Group), attained the largest CAGR of 23.8% in the historic period while retail brand Supercoat (Nestlé SA), attained a notable CAGR of 68.7% from its introduction into the market in 2019 with retail sales of US$1.3 million to US$3.7 million in 2021. Private label pet food brands experienced an increase in CAGR of 17.3% as their retail sales increased to US$2.0 million in 2021 from US$0.9 million in 2016.

Market segmentation

Dog food

The pandemic has had a positive impact on the demand for dog food in India. According to Euromonitor International (2022), the home seclusion measures implemented in early 2020 led to increasing pet adoption rates into 2021. Dog adoption rates have increased and are expected to continue as Indian families become increasingly nuclear, fostering the need to adopt for companionship. Further, the pet humanization trend continues to increase as more dog parents are spending more on dog food. Economy dry dog food remains the most dynamic performer in the category as most consumers remain price conscious (Euromonitor International 2022).

Total retail sales of dog food in India reached US$393.6 million in 2021, growing a measurable 19.5% as retail sales increased from US$329.4 million in 2020. The dog food market grew at an equally measurable CAGR of 18.6% between 2016 and 2021. In absolute value terms, dry dog food was the largest subcategory with retail sales of US$347.7 million (88.3% market share) in 2021, growing 18.8% in CAGR from retail sales of US$147.0 million in 2016. Economy dry dog food in particular, grew 22.4% from retail sales of US$195.1 million in 2020 to US$238.8 million in 2021. Further, all subcategories of dry dog food experienced large increases in CAGR's ranging from 10.7% to 19.8% in the historic period, while mid-priced wet dog food experienced a CAGR of 12.3% during the same period. Dog treats and mixers were the second largest retail subcategory with retail sales of US$41.8 million in 2021 (10.6% market share), as pet owners used treats and mixers as snacks for their dogs, helping to build closer bonds with their pets (Euromonitor International 2022).

Growth in the dog food category is expected to be strongly positive with a CAGR of 17.2% as retail sales attain US$870.4 million by 2026, as more consumers increasingly understand the nutritional benefits provided in dog food versus home-prepared food for their dogs (Euromonitor International 2022). The pet humanization trend however, is expected to subside in the forecast period as pandemic restrictions ease, and busy lifestyles resume, effecting time and money spent on premium products for their dogs (Euromonitor International 2022). In particular, dry dog food subcategories are expected to again experience positive increases in CAGR's, albeit at slightly lower rates in the forecast period, in comparison to the CAGR's achieved between 2016 to 2021. Retail sales of dog treats and mixers are expected to attain US$90.0 million by 2026.

Mars International India Pvt strengthened its overall leadership in dog food in 2021 offering a diverse portfolio of products and benefits due to strong brand presence and loyalty among dog owners (Euromonitor International, 2022). Mars Inc and Indian Broiler Group remained the leading companies for dog food with value market share representation of 51.5% and 15.0% in 2021, despite Mars Inc slight decline in CAGR of 1.3% as their market share decreased from 55.0% recorded in 2016. In comparison, Indian Broiler Group did experience the largest increase in CAGR of 4.4% as their market share grew from 12.1% held in 2016, while Nestlé SA grew in CAGR by 47.2% as their market share grew from 0.6% to 1.3% between 2019 and 2021. Private label dog food companies represented a 0.5% market share in 2021, remaining stable (unchanged) from a market share representation of 0.5% also held in 2016.

Cat food

India's cat population and adoption rate has increased, also encouraged by the home seclusion measures implemented in response to the recent pandemic. Although India's cat adoption rate remains low (less than 1.0% in 2022), it is expected to grow significantly as cats tend to demand less attention and maintenance in comparison to dogs, and remain popular with young couples and children, as well as nuclear households (Euromonitor International 2022).

Retail sales of cat food in India reached US$9.1 million in 2021, growing 13.8% from US$8.0 million in 2020. The cat food market grew at a CAGR of 15.1% between 2016 and 2021. Dry cat food was the largest subcategory in absolute value terms, recording retail sales of US$7.8 million (85.7% market share) in 2021, and expanding by a CAGR of 15.5% from 2016 to 2021. In particular, the premium segment held a substantial share of retail sales (US$6.7 million in 2021) within the dry cat food category due, in part, to the tendency of urban cat owners to overspend on their pet's food (Euromonitor International 2022). In comparison, wet cat food attained retail sales of US$1.4 million (15.4% market share) in 2021 and grew in CAGR by 11.8% from retail sales of US$0.8 million in 2016.

Retail sales of cat food will continue to grow throughout 2021-2026 with an expected CAGR of 11.7%, achieving US$15.8 million by 2026. Retail sales in mid-priced dry cat food will increase in a comparable CAGR of 14.9% while premium dry cat food will experience a lower CAGR of 11.2% in the forecast period. Similarly, premium wet cat food will also experience a slightly lower CAGR of 11.4% during the same period. Of interest, as cat adoption rates are higher among women and nuclear families with higher disposable incomes, the potential for cat treats and mixers as a lucrative segment for future expansion exists (Euromonitor International 2022).

Mars Inc was the main (largest) cat food company in India accounting for a notable retail market share representation of 79.2% in 2021. Indian Broiler Group, the second largest cat food company, experienced the largest increase in CAGR of 7.3% as their market share grew from 2.6% in 2016 to 3.7% in 2021. Midwestern Pet Foods Inc experienced the largest decline in CAGR as their market share representation declined from 0.2% in 2016 to 0.1% in 2021.

Mars International India Pvt Ltd maintained its leadership position in the cat food sector due mainly to their strong market presence of their popular brand Whiskas. Mars also expanded its cat food range in India in 2021 by introducing new products such as Whiskas Tasty Mix Wet Cat Food and Iams cat food to pet shops, grocery stores and e-commerce platforms (Euromonitor International 2022).

Other pet food

Similar to dog and cat adoption, the pandemic has also accelerated the adoption of other pets such as fish and birds for companionship, as they require less space and attention compared to cats and dogs (Euromonitor International 2022).

Retail sales of other pet food increased at a moderate CAGR of 12.6% from US$354.0 thousand in 2016 to US$640.2 thousand in 2021. Euromonitor International notes the potential for growth in the other pet food as a category, due partly, to the fragmented and disorganized competitive landscape inherent to this particular market. Specifically, other pet owners are largely unaware of product alternatives and (established/non-established) brands for their pets, as available product information is lacking, creating the opportunity for greater consumer product awareness and purchases, in the forecast period. Other pet food is forecast to increase at a larger CAGR of 16.7% as retail sales are expected to reach US$1,385.3 thousand by 2026.

Fish food was the largest category of other pet food in absolute value terms with retail sales of US$442.1 thousand (69.1% market share) in 2021, growing 11.3% in CAGR from retail sales of US$258.9 thousand in 2016. According to Euromonitor International 2022, in addition to the extensive variety of exotic fish and aquariums available for purchase, having a fish as a pet supports a relevant trend (visual element) in home décor. Many pet parents also own small turtles and other aquatic pets such as miniature crabs (Euromonitor International, 2022). Growth in the fish food category is expected to be strongly positive with a larger CAGR of 17.9% as retail sales reach US$1,005.6 thousand by 2026.

Owning a bird for a pet is a tradition in India and their care requires limited time and responsibility. Parakeets, parrots and lovebirds are the most commonly kept house birds (Euromonitor International, 2022). Retail sales of bird food experienced leading value growth of 16.5% from US$156.7 thousand in 2020 to US$182.6 thousand in 2021 and is expected to attain further growth of 15.4% reaching US$210.8 thousand by 2022. During the 2016-2021 period, retail sales of bird food experienced the largest increase in CAGR of 16.5% from US$85.1 thousand held in 2016. Retail sales of bird food are forecast to increase by a CAGR of 14.2% attaining US$354.9 thousand by 2026, as pandemic restrictions ease, making the adoption of birds likely to continue (Euromonitor International, 2022).

Retail sales of small mammal/reptile food was valued at US$15.5 thousand in 2021. During the historic period, the category grew at a CAGR of 8.9% from US$10.1 thousand in 2016 and is expected to increase in CAGR by 9.9% to US$24.8 thousand by 2026.

Other pet food was a fairly fragmented competitive environment in the historic period. Tropical Industry, Vitakraft Pet Care GmbH & Co KG and Pacific Blue Taiwan were the largest other pet food companies in India with combined market shares of 32.0% in 2021, with Tropical Industry increasing the largest in CAGR of 5.1% of the three companies, as their market share representation grew from 11.0% held in 2016 to 14.1% in 2021. In comparison, Premium Nutritional Products Inc experienced the largest increase in CAGR of 5.4% to a 2.6% market share in 2021, despite their lower market share representation of 2.0% held in 2016. Of note, Far East Freeze & Drying Mfg Co Ltd experienced the largest decline in CAGR of 11.0% as the company's market share decreased from 3.4% held in 2016 to 1.9% in 2021.

Distribution channels

Pet food retail and non-retail sales in India were primarily completed through store-based retailing (47.9%) and non-retail channels (45.2%) in 2021. Of note, of the distribution channels available (store-based, non-store retailing and non-retail), only store-based retailing declined slightly in CAGR by 2.3% as their market share representation declined from 53.9% held in 2016 to 47.9% in 2021.

Of the store-based retailing distribution channels available, pet shops (non-grocery specialists) were the largest distribution channel for pet food with a 43.2% market share, while in the non-retail distribution channels, veterinary clinics held a 45.2% market share in 2021. In comparison, within non-store retailing distribution, e-commerce represented a 6.9% market share in 2021 and experienced the largest increase in CAGR (13.3%) of all the distribution channels, as their market share representation grew from 3.7% held in 2016.

E-commerce, according to Euromonitor International, has witnessed a proliferation of new-start-up companies that offer a variety of pet food and products compared to available established products and brands in traditional brick-and-mortar stores. The emergence and anticipated continuation of such start-ups signifies the increasing prevalence of the pet humanisation trend in India, in addition to the increasing penetration of e-commerce as a pet food distribution channel (Euromonitor International, 2022). Further, e-commerce is expected to gain further significant share over the forecast period as social media pet photo and video product sharing will influence pet owners to search, compare and select the best products for their pets (Euromonitor International, 2022).

In relation to dog food sales, the pandemic served to accelerate the frequency of online shopping and range of available products, and as restrictions ease, the convenience, anytime ordering and quick delivery, will remain relevant to the consumer. Relatedly, the proliferation of online services such as Heads Up For Tails, Petsworld, Petsy Online, and Purprise along with the established third party platform Amazon and Flipkart, has expanded the visibility and accessibility of online sales of dog food in India (Euromonitor International, 2022).

Similar to e-commerce dog food sales, increases in e-commerce cat food sales were also accelerated by the pandemic as convenience and the perceived safety of home delivery fostered dynamic growth rates, a trend expected to continue over the forecast period as consumers resume their busy lifestyles (Euromonitor International, 2022). E-commerce has also benefitted other pet food sales which have tripled in comparison to pre-pandemic levels, and the potential growth of e-commerce remains as consumers can access a wider range of other pet products and brands online while the channel also offers greater access to the consumer audience compared to small pet shops (Euromonitor International, 2022).

Of interest, within other store-based retailing distribution channels, (modern grocery retailers) hypermarkets and supermarkets attained a 1.9% and 1.3% market share respectively while traditional grocers attained a 0.9 % market share in 2021.

Trade overview

Global imports

The global market for pet food has experienced positive growth and increased in CAGR by 12.8% as imports have risen from US$11.3 billion in 2016 to US$20.6 billion in 2021. Germany was the largest market for pet food with imports valued at US$2.0 billion (9.6% market share), followed by the United States (U.S) with US$1.5 billion (7.5% market share), and Poland with imports worth US$1.1 billion (5.6% market share) in 2021.

India was the thirty-ninth largest global market for pet food with imports valued at US$118.2 million (0.6% market share) in 2021, representing a substantial increase in CAGR of 37.8% from US$23.8 million in 2016. In comparison, Canada was the fifth largest global market for pet food with imports of US$1.1 billion (5.2% market share) in 2021, representing a moderate increase in CAGR of 11.4% from pet food imports of US$621.4 million in 2016.

India imports

India has a diverse supply network of pet food providers. Thailand, South Africa and Spain were the largest suppliers of pet food to India in 2021 with values of US$62.3 million (52.7% market share), US$19.2 million (16.3% market share) and US$6.3 million (5.3% market share) respectively. In terms of value, each of the top exporting countries have experienced positive growth in their supply of pet food to India varying from 30.4% (Hungary) to the largest CAGR's of 136.8% (Indonesia), 373.1% (Croatia 2019-2021) and 121.2% (South Africa 2017-2021). Canada in comparison, as India's seventh largest pet food supplier, experienced a significant increase in CAGR of 66.2% as pet food values grew from US$0.2 million in 2016 to US$2.4 million in 2021.

India pet food import requirements

To prevent the entry of any Exotic Livestock Diseases into India through the importation of livestock & livestock products, the provisions of the Livestock Importation Act, 1898, are in operation. (Food Safety Standards Authority of India [FSSAI], Government of India; Food Regulatory Portal - Regulatory Requirements and Procedure for Food Imports).

The import of livestock products to India are permitted and subject to Sanitary Import Permits (SIPs), as per the provisions of the Livestock Importation act, 1898. A Sanitary Import Permit is not a licence, but a certificate confirming India's sanitary requirements for livestock products including; meat and products of all kinds of including fresh, chilled and frozen meat, tissue or poultry, pig, sheep and goat, egg and egg powder, milk and milk products, bovine, ovine and caprine embryos, ova or semen; and pet food products of animal origin. (Food Safety Standards Authority of India [FSSAI], Government of India]; Food Regulatory Portal - Regulatory Requirements and Procedure for Food Imports).

Imports of animal and animal products are only allowed through the designated seaports/airports of Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Mumbai where animal quarantine and certification services are available. Imports of fish products are allowed through the seaport of Vishakhapatnam (in the State of Andhra Pradesh), Sea and airport of Kochi and the Land Custom Station at Petra pole (for imports from Bangladesh only). (Food Safety Standards Authority of India [FSSAI], Government of India; Food Regulatory Portal - Regulatory Requirements and Procedure for Food Imports)

Canadian pet food export policies

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) provides verification and certification services for pet foods that are made in Canada and intended for export. Pet foods exported from Canada may need to have an official zoo sanitary health certificate which confirms that the sanitary requirements of the importing country have been met (the CFIA negotiates import conditions with the importing country's veterinary officials). Further, the CFIA provides inspections of Canadian export manufacturing establishments in order to verify that the products, manufacturing facilities, and practices meet the importing country's market access requirements. (CFIA; Export policies: pet food)

(Excerpts from Pet Webinar; Pet Food Import Requirements - India, Dr. Mwate Mulenga, Counsellor Agriculture & Technical Specialist Abroad - CFIA, August 29, 2022)

Canadian producers have an opportunity to expand their exports and products within the Indian pet food sector. That said, it is important for Canadian suppliers to work closely with their importing partners and Trade Commissioners to understand and ensure that India's import requirements for their specific products are met.

For more information on the roles and responsibilities of exporters and the CFIA, supporting documents (Exporter's Declaration, Traceability Certificate and other supporting documents), and a listing of requirements from importing countries (Asia - India/Certificate HA2870), exporters are encouraged to consult the Guideline for preparing export certificates for the Canadian pet food industry. (CFIA; Export policies: pet food)

Canada's performance

India was the thirty-ninth largest global market for pet food with imports valued at US$118.2 million (0.6% market share) in 2021, representing a substantial increase in CAGR of 37.8% from US$23.8 million in 2016. Of the US$118.2 million of pet food imported by India, Canada was India's seventh largest supplier (representing a 2.0% market share), with imports valued at US$2.4 million, 634,650 kgs in 2021.

Canada exported US$2.7 million, 765,011 kilograms of pet food to India in 2021. The top pet food supplying Canadian province was Alberta, occupying a market shares of 99.1%, while the remaining 0.9% market share was supplied by Ontario in 2021.

Product launch analysis

According to Mintel's Global New Products Database (GNPD), there were 1,056 new pet food products launched in India between January 2016 and December 2021. The number of yearly product launches has declined slightly in growth by a CAGR of 0.1% from 142 pet products in 2016 to its most recent launch of 141 pet products in 2021.

Dog snacks and treats, dog food dry and cat food wet, were top subcategories of newly released pet food product launches while teeth and tarter prevention, other and vitamin/mineral fortified were top claims associated with new pet food products released during the prescribed period.

Flexible, flexible stand-up pouch and jar were the predominant package types released, while new product, new variety/range extension and new packaging launch types were the leading product attributes of new pet food products released between January 2016 and December 2021.

Unflavoured/plain, chick and tuna were top flavours (including blends), while chicken meat, minerals and vitamins were top ingredients identified during this period.

Examples of new products

For more information

The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service:

International Trade Commissioners can provide Canadian industry with on-the-ground expertise regarding market potential, current conditions and local business contacts, and are an excellent point of contact for export advice.

• Find a Trade Commissioner

More agri-food market intelligence:

International agri-food market intelligence
Discover global agriculture and food opportunities, the complete library of Global Analysis reports, market trends and forecasts, and information on Canada's free trade agreements.

Agri-food market intelligence service
Canadian agri-food and seafood businesses can take advantage of a customized service of reports and analysis, and join our email subscription service to have the latest reports delivered directly to their inbox.

More on Canada's agriculture and agri-food sectors:

Canada's agriculture sectors
Information on the agriculture industry by sector. Data on international markets. Initiatives to support awareness of the industry in Canada. How the department engages with the industry.

For additional information on the upcoming trade show India International Pet Trade Fair (IIPTF), please contact:

Nitin Verma [he/him]
Counsellor (Agriculture and Food) and Trade Commissioner
High Commission of Canada
Government of Canada
CanadainIndia.Agri@international.gc.ca

Resources

• Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA):
  • Export policies: pet food
  • Guideline for preparing export certificates for the Canadian pet food industry
• Euromonitor International:
  • Country Report; Pet care in India, August 2022
  • Country Report; Dog food in India, August 2022
  • Country Report; Cat food in India, August 2022
  • Country Report; Other pet food in India, August 2022
  • Country Report; Pet products in India, August 2022
• FSSAI (Food Safety Standards Authority of India), Government of India; Food Regulatory Portal - Regulatory Requirements and Procedure for Food Imports
• Global Trade Tracker, 2022
• Mintel Global New Products Database, 2022
• Pet Webinar; Pet Food Import Requirements – India, Dr. Mwate Mulenga, Counsellor Agriculture & Technical Specialist Abroad – CFIA, August 29, 2022

Sector Trend Analysis – Pet food trends in India
Global Analysis Report

Prepared by: Laurie Bernardi, International Market Analyst

© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food (2023).

Photo credits
All photographs reproduced in this publication are used by permission of the rights holders.
All images, unless otherwise noted, are copyright His Majesty the King in Right of Canada.

To join our distribution list or to suggest additional report topics or markets, please contact:

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Global Analysis
1341 Baseline Rd, Tower 5, 3rd floor
Ottawa ON  K1A 0C5
Canada
Email: aafc.mas-sam.aac@agr.gc.ca

The Government of Canada has prepared this report based on primary and secondary sources of information. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information is accurate, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) assumes no liability for any actions taken based on the information contained herein.

Reproduction or redistribution of this document, in whole or in part, must include acknowledgement of agriculture and agri-food Canada as the owner of the copyright in the document, through a reference citing AAFC, the title of the document and the year. Where the reproduction or redistribution includes data from this document, it must also include an acknowledgement of the specific data source(s), as noted in this document.

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada provides this document and other report services to agriculture and food industry clients free of charge.