Statistical Overview of the Canadian Greenhouse Vegetable and Mushroom Industry 2024

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Overview

Canada has a technologically advanced indoor agriculture sector with long-standing success in the global marketplace. Canada’s greenhouse vegetable and mushroom sectors are an important part of Canadian agriculture and a source of significant economic activity within Canada, contributing $3.4 billion in farm gate sales and over $2.5 billion in exports in 2024.

Canadian greenhouse producers have made significant capital investments in high-tech greenhouses to meet the increasing demand for fresh vegetables year-round. Today, the majority of Canadian greenhouse facilities are highly automated with growers typically investing in the latest technology available. Growers are continuously seeking to obtain improved and advanced technology to increase production efficiency, reduce labour costs/inputs, and enhance product quality. These innovative technologies have allowed farmers to extend the natural harvest seasons and fueled continuous efficiency gains, which in turn, has increased their competitiveness and improved product quality.

The Canadian vegetable greenhouse industry is primarily clustered near the U.S. border, notably the Fraser Valley region in British Columbia, Southern Ontario, and Quebec. These locations are in proximity to large consumer markets, transportation networks, and favourable growing conditions. In 2024, there were a total of 974 commercial greenhouse vegetable operations in Canada producing 866,484 metric tons of vegetables, representing a 5% increase in production compared to 2023. Ontario continued to lead the greenhouse vegetable sector in 2024, representing 72% of the total production in Canada, followed by British Columbia and Quebec, with 13% and 9% respectively. Other provinces accounted for the remaining 6%.

Canada’s greenhouse vegetable growers produce a variety of commodities, including tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, bell-peppers, and various herbs and microgreen vegetables. Of these commodities, tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers are the main greenhouse vegetable crops grown in Canada. Cucumbers accounted for 35% of the total greenhouse vegetable sales, followed by tomatoes and peppers, which accounted for 34% and 23%, respectively. Total sales of greenhouse fruit and vegetables rose 8% from 2023 to reach $2.7 billion in 2024 - continuing the annual increases that began in 2013.

The value of greenhouse vegetable exports rose 17% from 2023 to reach approximately $1.95 billion in 2024. The value of greenhouse vegetable exports is the highest of all fresh produce (fruits, greenhouse vegetables, mushrooms, field vegetables, and potatoes) in Canada, accounting for 47% in terms of value of all fresh produce exports. Greenhouse cucumbers accounted for 38% of the total value of exports, followed by greenhouse tomatoes with 33% and peppers with 29%.

Similar to greenhouse vegetables, mushrooms are grown year-round in closed, dark, and climate-controlled facilities that maintain ideal temperatures and humidity and are harvested on a continuous basis. In 2024, Canadian mushroom growers produced 148,569 metric tons of mushrooms, generating a total value of $749.9 million, an increase of 5% from 2023. Harvested area for mushrooms increased by more than 1% in 2024 to 67.4 million square feet. In 2024, Ontario grew just more than half (52%) of Canada’s mushrooms and represented 63% of domestic sales value, while British Columbia accounted for 3% of the total value of Canadian mushrooms.

Much like greenhouse vegetable exports, the United States continued to be the primary export market for fresh mushrooms in 2024, accounting for 98% of export values. Over the last 5 years, mushroom export values have increased by more than 41%, growing to $513.4 million in 2024. After a decline in mushroom export volumes in 2023 compared to the previous year, exports rebounded in 2024, rising by more than 12% to reach 71,322 metric tons.

1. Production

1.1. Number of greenhouse vegetable operations^{Table 1.1 note}¹ by province

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024 % Share
Atlantic provinces^{Table 1.1 note}²	65	74	65	67	72	7.4%
Quebec	230	236	212	250	260	26.7%
Ontario	315	321	387	380	382	39.2%
Prairie provinces^{Table 1.1 note}²	98	103	99	96	96	9.9%
British Columbia	150	158	167	167	163	16.7%
Canada	858	892	930	960	974	100.0%
Notes: Table 1.1 note 1 Number of operations represents the number of specialized greenhouse vegetable and fruit operations and includes all other types of enclosed protection used for growing plants, such as rigid insulation, mine shafts, barns and shelters. Mixed operations (vegetables, flowers and plants) are excluded. Return to table 1.1 note 1 referrer Table 1.1 note 2 Provincial breakdowns for Atlantic and Prairie provinces are not shown due to the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Return to table 1.1 note 2 referrer Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0019-01 Estimates of specialized greenhouse operations, greenhouse area, and months of operation

1.2. Harvested area of greenhouse vegetables^{Table 1.2 note}¹ by province (square metres)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Newfoundland and Labrador	5,396	6,882	5,580	4,191	5,725	0.0%
Prince Edward Island	18,885	19,586	14,062	2,061	17,678	0.1%
Nova Scotia	84,376	86,114	81,720	89,575	93,859	0.4%
New Brunswick	6,041	7,350	8,444	10,655	10,933	0.0%
Quebec	1,419,780	1,491,924	1,613,849	1,840,200	1,834,285	7.8%
Ontario	12,906,198	13,230,470	14,573,470	16,139,136	16,694,055	71.4%
Manitoba	8,173	15,936	16,219	13,981	12,562	0.1%
Saskatchewan	14,183	16,142	16,907	13,432	12,775	0.1%
Alberta	742,732	817,158	840,775	741,126	947,107	4.1%
British Columbia	3,010,912	3,103,775	3,287,751	3,323,310	3,294,569	14.1%
Canada^{Table 1.2 note}²	18,256,531	18,816,824	20,494,130	22,364,806	23,383,673	100.0%
Notes: Table 1.2 note 1 Includes specialized greenhouse fruits. Return to table 1.2 note 1 referrer Table 1.2 note 2 Totals may not add up as some data was suppressed to meet confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Return to table 1.2 note 2 referrer Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables

1.3. Harvested area of greenhouse vegetables^{Table 1.3 note}¹ by commodity (square metres)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Tomatoes	6,183,913	6,835,395	7,229,825	7,349,401	7,378,671	31.6%
Peppers	5,895,959	6,152,252	6,389,092	7,046,523	7,082,766	30.3%
Cucumbers	5,060,743	4,666,140	5,364,566	6,220,429	6,922,451	29.6%
Strawberries	303,791	321,210	583,648	745,134	839,756	3.6%
Lettuce	344,200	335,216	349,141	371,880	383,002	1.6%
Other fruits or vegetables	84,907	138,385	205,990	216,735	297,002	1.3%
Fine herbs	116,026	98,292	102,745	142,994	180,458	0.8%
Eggplants	138,509	140,496	139,547	139,550	157,502	0.7%
Microgreens and shoots	57,450	52,578	55,022	56,377	56,788	0.2%
Chinese vegetables	54,205	54,319	50,929	51,613	51,668	0.2%
Beans (green and wax)	12,479	17,888	19,009	19,755	29,154	0.1%
Sprouts	4,349	4,653	4,616	4,415	4,455	0.0%
Total	18,256,531	18,816,824	20,494,130	22,364,806	23,383,673	100.0%
Notes: Table 1.3 note 1 Includes specialized greenhouse fruits. Return to table 1.3 note 1 referrer Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables

1.4. Greenhouse vegetable^{Table 1.4 note}¹ production by province – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Newfoundland and Labrador	34	41	13	10	30	0.0%
Prince Edward Island	692	756	16	5	676	0.1%
Nova Scotia	3,096	3,060	3,102	3,489	3,518	0.4%
New Brunswick	87	110	125	328	172	0.0%
Quebec	46,959	56,905	60,062	75,214	79,100	9.1%
Ontario	477,157	490,416	532,485	593,591	623,541	72.0%
Manitoba	204	367	381	382	369	0.0%
Saskatchewan	193	203	229	274	213	0.0%
Alberta	42,643	43,697	44,089	34,670	37,924	4.4%
British Columbia	115,564	103,956	109,061	112,548	115,912	13.4%
Canada^{Table 1.4 note}²	687,057	699,793	750,566	826,169	866,484	100.0%
Notes: Table 1.4 note 1 Includes specialized greenhouse fruits. Return to table 1.4 note 1 referrer Table 1.4 note 2 Totals may not add up as some data was suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Return to table 1.4 note 2 referrer Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables

1.5. Greenhouse vegetable^{Table 1.5 note}¹ production by commodity – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Tomatoes	252,581	237,672	273,156	318,254	350,907	40.5%
Cucumbers	257,639	279,627	294,408	305,265	304,335	35.1%
Peppers	152,437	153,796	156,615	168,931	175,546	20.3%
Lettuce	15,143	19,221	14,528	17,398	18,220	2.1%
Strawberries	2,554	2,731	5,041	6,832	7,522	0.9%
Eggplants	4,040	4,219	4,221	4,267	4,590	0.5%
Fine herbs	1,190	1,115	1,133	3,730	4,352	0.5%
Microgreens and shoots	582	499	562	594	597	0.1%
Chinese vegetables	471	467	441	445	F	N/A
Sprouts	345	331	329	316	280	0.0%
Beans (green and wax)	76	115	132	138	135	0.0%
Total	687,057	699,793	750,566	826,169	866,484	100.0%
Notes: Table 1.5 note 1 Includes specialized greenhouse fruits. Return to table 1.5 note 1 referrer F: Too unreliable to be published. N/A: Not applicable. ..: Not available for a specific reference period. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables

1.6. Farm gate value of greenhouse vegetables^{Table 1.6 note}¹ by province (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Newfoundland and Labrador	202	205	178	85	178	0.0%
Prince Edward Island	2,035	2,943	1	55	3,282	0.1%
Nova Scotia	8,654	9,918	8,868	12,193	13,310	0.5%
New Brunswick	736	1,148	1,232	2,213	2,638	0.1%
Quebec	157,251	207,973	242,639	265,528	280,630	10.3%
Ontario	1,190,030	1,299,759	1,509,515	1,734,652	1,846,128	67.7%
Manitoba	1,200	1,896	2,114	2,292	1,992	0.1%
Saskatchewan	1,199	455	1,307	1,682	1,073	0.0%
Alberta	118,795	57,546	104,685	124,878	126,836	4.7%
British Columbia	319,630	322,729	341,433	354,079	373,467	13.7%
Canada^{Table 1.6 note}²	1,832,159	1,979,902	2,263,345	2,518,686	2,727,350	100.0%
Notes: Table 1.6 note 1 Includes specialized greenhouse fruits. Return to table 1.6 note 1 referrer Table 1.6 note 2 Totals may not add up as some data was suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Return to table 1.6 note 2 referrer Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables

1.7. Farm gate value of greenhouse vegetables^{Table 1.7 note}¹ by commodity (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Cucumbers	539,497	604,394	740,480	853,965	955,963	35.1%
Tomatoes	660,379	714,766	795,526	875,203	938,411	34.4%
Peppers	511,359	528,163	553,103	586,259	618,676	22.7%
Strawberries	15,522	18,486	50,063	69,581	75,221	2.8%
Lettuce	64,092	65,255	69,760	54,585	58,943	2.2%
Fine herbs	10,173	9,341	9,712	32,887	38,503	1.4%
Other fruits or vegetables	7,259	15,671	19,638	20,345	22,585	0.8%
Eggplants	15,336	16,172	16,614	16,873	16,722	0.6%
Microgreens and shoots	5,601	4,349	4,943	5,408	F	N/A
Beans (green and wax)	687	1,090	1,268	1,343	1,326	0.0%
Chinese vegetables	1,153	1,086	1,079	1,121	F	N/A
Sprouts	1,101	1,129	1,158	1,115	1,001	0.0%
Total	1,832,159	1,979,902	2,263,345	2,518,686	2,727,350	100.0%
Notes: Table 1.7 note 1 Includes specialized greenhouse fruits. Return to table 1.7 note 1 referrer F: Too unreliable to be published. N/A: Not applicable. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables

1.8. Area, production and sales^{Table 1.8 note}¹ of Canadian mushrooms

		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Area beds (thousands of square feet)	Maritime provinces and Quebec	x	x	x	x	x
	Ontario	3,209	3,273	3,276	3,289	3,437
	Prairie provinces	x	x	x	x	x
	British Columbia	3,221	3,277	3,309	3,559	3,721
	Canada^{Table 1.8 note}²	6,806	6,925	7,053	7,320	7,641
Harvested area (thousands of square feet)	Maritime provinces and Quebec	x	x	x	x	x
	Ontario	33,430	36,039	39,257	39,868	39,901
	Prairie provinces	x	x	x	x	x
	British Columbia	21,938	22,072	22,696	22,188	23,033
	Canada^{Table 1.8 note}²	59,167	61,916	66,360	66,455	67,410
Production (metric tonnes)	Maritime provinces and Quebec	x	x	x	x	x
	Ontario	66,787	71,114	71,279	73,945	76,994
	Prairie provinces	x	x	x	x	x
	British Columbia	x	x	x	x	x
	Canada^{Table 1.8 note}²	132,589	137,796	139,090	142,009	148,569
Sales (CAN$ '000)	Maritime provinces and Quebec	x	x	x	x	x
	Ontario	369,977	417,415	439,267	450,528	468,783
	Prairie provinces	x	x	x	x	x
	British Columbia	x	196,142	204,158	211,695	226,458
	Canada^{Table 1.8 note}²	619,691	653,508	694,466	715,207	749,530
Notes: Table 1.8 note 1 Regional distribution shown as presented by Statistics Canada. Return to table 1.8 note 1 referrer Table 1.8 note 2 Totals may not add up as some data was suppressed to meet confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Return to table 1.8 note 2 referrer x: Suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0356-01 Area, production and sales of mushrooms

2. Trade

2.1. Canadian greenhouse vegetable and mushroom trade balance (thousands of Canadian dollars)

		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Exports	Greenhouse vegetables	1,397,518	1,312,604	1,418,421	1,686,395	1,953,230
	Mushrooms	362,443	383,910	446,053	453,283	513,369
	Total exports	1,759,961	1,696,514	1,864,474	2,139,678	2,466,598
Import	Greenhouse vegetables	368,871	397,592	428,322	554,722	692,562
	Mushrooms	67,469	65,138	68,426	58,847	51,938
	Total imports	436,339	462,730	496,748	613,568	744,500
Trade balance (exports − imports)	Greenhouse vegetables	1,028,648	915,012	990,099	1,131,674	1,260,668
	Mushrooms	294,974	318,772	377,627	394,436	461,431
	Overall trade balance	1,323,622	1,233,784	1,367,726	1,526,109	1,722,099
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2. Exports

2.2.1. Canada's greenhouse vegetable exports by commodity – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Cucumbers	380,162	413,714	480,199	639,417	747,262	38.3%
Tomatoes	508,389	456,201	460,294	534,533	644,207	33.0%
Peppers	508,967	442,689	477,929	512,446	561,761	28.8%
Total	1,397,518	1,312,604	1,418,421	1,686,395	1,953,230	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.2. Canada's greenhouse vegetable exports by commodity – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Cucumbers	130,778	149,180	173,307	201,743	249,448	44.5%
Tomatoes	144,758	158,191	148,747	164,690	190,826	34.0%
Peppers	109,046	115,092	111,864	116,590	120,574	21.5%
Total	384,582	422,463	433,919	483,023	560,849	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.3. Canada's greenhouse vegetable exports by province – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Newfoundland and Labrador	0s	0s	0s	0s	1	0.0%
Prince Edward Island	0s	0s	0s	4	3	0.0%
Nova Scotia	1	0s	1	8	11	0.0%
New Brunswick	17	14	14	11	8	0.0%
Québec	19,811	19,599	28,799	51,562	65,312	3.3%
Ontario	1,162,069	1,129,495	1,236,382	1,481,518	1,708,716	87.5%
Saskatchewan	0s	0s	0s	42	17	0.0%
Alberta	3,364	5,898	4,577	2,234	4,468	0.2%
British Columbia	212,257	157,598	148,649	151,016	174,693	8.9%
Total	1,397,518	1,312,604	1,418,421	1,686,395	1,953,230	100.0%
Notes: 0s: Value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded. Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.4. Canada's greenhouse vegetable exports by province – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Newfoundland and Labrador	0s	0s	0s	0s	0s	0.0%
Prince Edward Island	0	0	0	4	1	0.0%
Nova Scotia	0	0	0	3	4	0.0%
New Brunswick	5	4	3	3	2	0.0%
Québec	5,693	6,058	7,155	12,422	15,949	2.8%
Ontario	325,600	366,015	382,041	426,690	498,179	88.8%
Saskatchewan	0	0	0	11	4	0.0%
Alberta	1,204	2,374	1,895	910	1,344	0.2%
British Columbia	52,079	48,011	42,825	42,980	45,365	8.1%
Total	384,582	422,463	433,919	483,023	560,849	100.0%
Notes: 0s: Value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded. Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.5. Canada's top greenhouse vegetable export destinations – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
United States	1,391,671	1,305,093	1,411,005	1,678,576	1,946,545	99.7%
Japan	5,316	7,414	7,371	7,258	5,604	0.3%
Taiwan	407	11	16	529	1,035	0.0%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	17	14	14	11	46	0.0%
Others	107	73	17	22	0	0.0%
Total	1,397,518	1,312,604	1,418,421	1,686,395	1,953,230	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.6. Canada's top greenhouse vegetable export destinations – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
United States	382,684	420,052	431,539	480,553	558,855	99.6%
Japan	1,722	2,379	2,366	2,286	1,636	0.3%
Taiwan	136	4	5	175	345	0.1%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	5	4	4	3	13	0.0%
Others	35	24	5	7	0	0.0%
Total	384,582	422,463	433,919	483,023	560,849	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.7. Greenhouse vegetable destinations by commodity – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Cucumbers	United States	380,118	413,679	480,008	639,410	747,258
	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	3	3	4	3	4
	Others	41	31	187	4	0
	Total	380,162	413,714	480,199	639,417	747,262
Tomatoes	United States	503,247	449,424	454,403	529,042	639,594
	Japan	4,659	6,702	5,890	4,955	3,564
	Taiwan	407	11	0	529	1,035
	Others	77	64	0	7	14
	Total	508,389	456,201	460,294	534,533	644,207
Peppers	United States	508,306	441,989	476,594	510,124	559,692
	Japan	623	683	1,294	2,300	2,041
	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	14	11	10	8	28
	Others	23	7	32	14	0
	Total	508,967	442,689	477,929	512,446	561,761
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.8. Greenhouse vegetable destinations by commodity – by volume (metric tons)

		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Cucumbers	United States	130,763	149,167	173,238	201,741	249,447
	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	1	1	1	1	1
	Others	14	11	68	2	0
	Total	130,778	149,180	173,307	201,743	249,448
Tomatoes	United States	143,065	155,993	146,812	162,819	189,437
	Japan	1,531	2,173	1,935	1,694	1,040
	Taiwan	135	4	0	175	345
	Others	26	21	0	2	5
	Total	144,758	158,191	148,747	164,690	190,826
Peppers	United States	108,855	114,892	111,489	115,993	119,970
	Japan	180	196	364	591	596
	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	4	3	2	2	8
	Others	7	2	9	4	0
	Total	109,046	115,092	111,864	116,590	120,574
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.9. Canada's mushroom exports by province – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Newfoundland and Labrador	0s	0s	0s	0s	0s	0.0%
New Brunswick	0s	0s	0s	0s	0s	0.0%
Quebec	644	23	182	162	694	0.1%
Ontario	113,102	111,783	118,335	131,945	144,465	28.1%
Manitoba	0s	0s	13,250	17,665	25,765	5.0%
Alberta	0s	160	17	0s	2,985	0.6%
British Columbia	248,697	271,944	314,269	303,510	339,391	66.1%
Canada^{Table 2.2.9 note}¹	362,443	383,910	446,053	453,283	513,369	100.0%
Notes: Table 2.2.9 note 1 Totals may not add up as some data was suppressed to meet confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Return to table 2.2.9 note 1 referrer 0s: Value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded. Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.10. Canada's mushroom exports by province – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Newfoundland and Labrador	0s	0s	0s	0s	0s	0.0%
New Brunswick	0s	0s	0s	0s	0s	0.0%
Quebec	44	2	5	8	155	0.2%
Ontario	19,315	19,252	19,757	20,438	22,418	31.4%
Manitoba	0s	0s	1,794	2,346	3,327	4.7%
Alberta	0s	95	10	0s	350	0.0%
British Columbia	37,953	43,382	44,685	40,575	45,073	63.2%
Canada^{Table 2.2.10 note}¹	57,312	62,730	66,251	63,367	71,322	100.0%
Notes: Table 2.2.10 note 1 Totals may not add up as some data was suppressed to meet confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Return to table 2.2.10 note 1 referrer 0s: Value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded. Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.11. Canada's top mushroom export destinations – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
United States	350,518	373,865	433,734	445,060	503,202	98.0%
Japan	8,866	8,424	5,412	6,916	6,948	1.4%
France	1,114	533	2,588	322	1,250	0.2%
Netherlands	715	364	1,023	425	940	0.2%
Germany	640	407	519	34	671	0.1%
Others	590	316	2,777	525	358	0.1%
Total	362,443	383,910	446,053	453,283	513,369	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.2.12. Canada's top mushroom export destinations – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
United States	56,937	62,333	65,885	63,101	70,953	99.5%
Japan	280	331	252	238	272	0.4%
France	41	19	47	9	40	0.1%
Netherlands	28	11	26	13	33	0.0%
Germany	13	8	7	1	14	0.0%
Others	14	28	35	5	9	0.0%
Total	57,312	62,730	66,251	63,367	71,322	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.3. Imports

2.3.1. Canada's greenhouse vegetable imports by commodity – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Peppers	163,389	169,867	197,379	262,820	331,767	47.9%
Tomatoes	162,224	172,876	189,557	230,045	296,021	42.7%
Cucumbers	42,822	54,463	40,671	58,525	54,292	7.8%
Lettuce	435	386	715	3,331	10,481	1.5%
Total	368,871	397,592	428,322	554,722	692,562	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.3.2. Canada's greenhouse vegetable imports by commodity – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Tomatoes	66,996	75,306	77,847	87,047	91,812	49.6%
Peppers	49,150	52,738	61,062	73,526	72,513	39.2%
Cucumbers	21,105	25,412	18,360	21,893	19,229	10.4%
Lettuce	68	64	142	493	1,497	0.8%
Total	137,319	153,521	157,411	182,959	185,051	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.3.3. Top sources of Canada's greenhouse vegetable imports – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Mexico	320,621	336,180	369,826	471,119	592,713	85.6%
United States	37,176	54,202	52,566	68,766	82,496	11.9%
Spain	4,707	3,007	3,851	11,114	12,310	1.8%
Netherlands	2,285	257	503	180	1,923	0.3%
Viet Nam	228	459	462	524	258	0.0%
Others	3,855	3,487	1,114	3,017	2,862	0.4%
Total	368,871	397,592	428,322	554,722	692,562	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.3.4. Top sources of Canada's greenhouse vegetable imports – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Mexico	120,959	128,942	133,149	152,876	155,521	84.0%
United States	13,270	22,684	22,922	27,154	26,707	14.4%
Spain	1,227	715	838	1,942	1,788	1.0%
Netherlands	378	40	84	39	367	0.2%
Viet Nam	74	108	94	103	52	0.0%
Others	1,411	1,033	324	845	615	0.3%
Total	137,319	153,521	157,411	182,959	185,051	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.3.5. Greenhouse vegetable import sources by commodity – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Peppers	Mexico	147,060	161,206	187,324	241,025	303,869
	United States	6,674	2,006	4,413	8,822	10,812
	Spain	4,600	2,977	3,755	9,569	12,185
	Netherlands	2,275	243	496	176	1,914
	Total	163,389	169,867	197,379	262,820	331,767
Tomatoes	Mexico	142,631	144,527	154,630	186,062	245,478
	United States	19,031	28,278	34,924	43,983	50,543
	New Zealand	360	0	0	0	0
	Guatemala	203	70	3	0	0
	Total	162,224	172,876	189,557	230,045	296,021
Cucumbers	Mexico	30,922	30,445	27,868	43,909	43,175
	United States	11,131	23,631	12,592	12,834	10,941
	Spain	89	10	78	1,527	93
	Jordan	0	64	1	56	0
	Total	42,822	54,463	40,671	58,525	54,292
Lettuce	United States	339	287	637	3,127	10,201
	Mexico	8	2	4	123	191
	South Korea	63	66	41	54	40
	Spain	18	20	18	18	32
	Total	435	386	715	3,331	10,481
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.3.6. Greenhouse vegetable import sources by commodity – by volume (metric tons)

		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Tomatoes	Mexico	60,013	62,241	62,417	68,937	74,067
	United States	6,730	13,044	15,428	18,109	17,744
	New Zealand	190	0	0	0	0
	Guatemala	62	21	2	0	0
	Total	66,996	75,306	77,847	87,047	91,812
Peppers	Mexico	44,286	50,201	58,292	67,804	67,010
	United States	2,379	818	1,524	3,236	2,757
	Spain	1,178	705	820	1,612	1,763
	Netherlands	374	36	83	38	367
	Total	49,150	52,738	61,062	73,526	72,513
Cucumbers	Mexico	16,659	16,499	12,439	16,089	14,398
	United States	4,099	8,767	5,834	5,368	4,766
	Spain	48	8	16	328	22
	Jordan	0	26	0	12	0
	Total	21,105	25,412	18,360	21,893	19,229
Lettuce	United States	60	55	135	441	1,441
	Mexico	1	1	1	45	45
	South Korea	4	5	3	4	2
	Spain	2	2	2	2	3
	Total	68	64	142	493	1,497
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.3.7. Top sources of Canada's mushroom imports – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
United States	41,512	37,719	38,434	28,444	21,453	41.3%
China	12,581	14,926	19,249	17,549	18,802	36.2%
South Korea	8,112	5,787	2,417	3,576	3,034	5.8%
Italy	1,263	2,128	2,189	2,339	2,184	4.2%
Peru	6	6	28	768	1,478	2.8%
Others	3,994	4,572	6,108	6,171	4,986	9.6%
Total	67,469	65,138	68,426	58,847	51,938	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

2.3.8. Top sources of Canada's mushroom imports – by volume (metric tons)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
China	1,544	2,058	2,927	2,898	3,652	46.5%
United States	7,848	6,777	5,586	4,135	2,858	36.4%
South Korea	2,687	1,885	722	1,018	872	11.1%
Peru	0	0	1	45	86	1.1%
Italy	90	248	96	32	37	0.5%
Others	184	293	447	598	353	4.5%
Total	12,353	11,261	9,779	8,726	7,858	100.0%
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, July 2025)

3. Channels of distribution

3.1. Channels of distribution for greenhouse vegetable^{Table 3.1 note}¹ sales and resales^{Table 3.1 note}²
(millions of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Domestic wholesalers	1,176.10	1,307.80	1,493.30	1,677.70	1,658.70	60.7%
Mass market chain stores	266.7	299	331.3	363.3	363.7	13.3%
Other greenhouses	109.3	126.3	138.8	158	388.2	14.2%
Direct sales to the public^{Table 3.1 note}³	42.3	28.2	31.6	33.5	F	N/A
Other channels	237.8	218.6	268.3	286.2	270	14.4%
Total sales	1,832.20	1,979.90	2,263.30	2,518.70	2,734.00	100.0%
Notes: Table 3.1 note 1 Includes specialized greenhouse fruits. Return to table 3.1 note 1 referrer Table 3.1 note 2 Farm gate value (before sales tax). Return to table 3.1 note 2 referrer Table 3.1 note 3 Includes roadside stands and owner-operated retail outlets. Return to table 3.1 note 3 referrer F: Too unreliable to be published. N/A: Not applicable. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0022-01 Channels of distribution for horticulture product sales and resales

4. Operating expenses and assets

4.1. Greenhouse vegetable^{Table 4.1 note}¹ ^{Table 4.1 note}² producers' operating expenses by category
(millions of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Gross yearly payroll^{Table 4.1 note}³	434.6	520.8	546.3	563.9	601.9	29.5%
Other operating expenses^{Table 4.1 note}⁴	361.3	382.9	409.9	471.7	495.1	24.3%
Other crop expenses^{Table 4.1 note}⁵	279	312.4	356	406.7	453.3	22.2%
Fuel^{Table 4.1 note}⁶	149	162.7	172.7	186.6	195.1	9.6%
Plant material purchases for growing on^{Table 4.1 note}⁷	147.6	160.7	172.5	177	190.1	9.3%
Electricity^{Table 4.1 note}⁸	50.7	66.3	68.4	79.6	102.9	5.0%
Total operating expenses	1,422.20	1,605.70	1,725.80	1,885.40	2,038.40	100.0%
Notes: Table 4.1 note 1 This category excludes mixed operations (vegetables, flowers, and plants). Return to table 4.1 note 1 referrer Table 4.1 note 2 Includes specialized greenhouse fruits. Return to table 4.1 note 2 referrer Table 4.1 note 3 Includes seasonal and permanent labour. Return to table 4.1 note 3 referrer Table 4.1 note 4 Includes interest, land taxes, insurance, advertising, repairs to farm buildings, machinery, agricultural equipment and vehicles, contract work, and telephone and telecommunications services. Return to table 4.1 note 4 referrer Table 4.1 note 5 Includes fertilizer, pesticides, pollination, irrigation, containers, packaging, bioprograms, and growing mediums such as soil, peat moss, vermiculite, perlite, sand, Styrofoam and sawdust. Return to table 4.1 note 5 referrer Table 4.1 note 6 Includes natural gas, heating oil and other types of heating fuel (for example, coal and wood chips). Return to table 4.1 note 6 referrer Table 4.1 note 7 Includes value of flowers, plants, cuttings, seedlings, seeds and bulbs purchased (before sales tax). Return to table 4.1 note 7 referrer Table 4.1 note 8 Electricity expenses include electricity for lighting, airflow fans, and heating. Return to table 4.1 note 8 referrer Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0025-01 Specialized greenhouse producers' operating expenses

4.2. Mushroom operation assets by category (thousands of Canadian dollars)

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024% Share
Buildings^{Table 4.2 note}¹	468,389	543,223	620,516	689,982	726,146	66.5%
Land	120,412	127,184	150,854	177,127	191,537	17.5%
Processing, packing equipment and other machinery	146,358	154,140	159,550	164,638	173,994	15.9%
Investment, total	735,159	824,547	930,921	1,031,747	1,091,677	100.0%
Notes: Table 4.2 note 1 Includes heating and cooling equipment. Return to table 4.2 note 1 referrer x: Suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0356-01 Area, production and sales of mushrooms

5. Labour

5.1. Total number of employees and labour cost of mushroom operations

	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Labour cost, total (thousands of Canadian dollars)	193,273	199,228	220,581	227,254	237,496
Full-time employees (number)	4,441	4,692	5,156	5,157	5,355
Part-time employees (number)	869	875	823	819	795
Total employees	5,310	5,567	5,979	5,976	6,150
Notes: x: Suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0356-01 Area, production and sales of mushrooms

6. Key resources

Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables
Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0019-01 Estimates of specialized greenhouse operations, greenhouse area, and months of operation
Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0028-01 Total number of employees of specialized greenhouse operations
Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0356-01 Area, production and sales of mushrooms
Statistics Canada. CATSNET