Note: This report includes forecasting data that is based on baseline historical data.
Executive summary
A competitive trade analysis (CTA) is intended to examine major competitors and determine where a company or country compares within an industry or sector.
This CTA highlights agri-food and seafood trade in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and identifies the opportunities and potential growth areas for Canadian exporters.
Included are the top fifteen agri-food and seafood imports into MENA. Throughout the report, a series of supply gap analysis demonstrate the areas for potential growth in Canadian exports to MENA.
Middle East and North Africa market summary
MENA is one of the world's largest importer of agri-food and seafood products. MENA recorded imports of Can$183.9 billion in 2023, and Canada's share was 0.5% or Can$3.5 billion.
MENA is a net importer of agri-food and seafood products with a trade deficit of Can$109.1 billion. MENA's agri-food and seafood imports increased by 2.9% annually over 2019-24.
Top supplying countries to MENA were Brazil, India, Turkey, the United States (U.S.), and the Netherlands. The top five imports to MENA from 2019 to 2023 were corn, wheat and meslin, milled rice, and soybeans.
In 2023, Canada had an agri-food and seafood trade surplus of Can$2.6 billion with MENA. MENA's agri-food and seafood imports from Canada have increased by 7.1% annually over 2019-23. Top imports from Canada were drum wheat, lentils, and soybeans.
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) trade overview
MENA is a net importer of agri-food and seafood products. In 2023, MENA's agri-food and seafood trade deficit was Can$109.1 billion with imports valued at Can$183.9 billion, and Can$74.8 billion in exports. MENA's agri-food and seafood imports increased at a CAGR of 2.9% over 2019to 2024. In 2023, Canada had an agri-food and seafood trade surplus of Can$2.6 billion with MENA.
MENA's top four agri-food and seafood imports in 2023 were corn, wheat and meslin, milled rice, and soybeans. Top supplying countries were Brazil, India, Turkey, and the United States (U.S.). Imports from Canada have increased by a CAGR of 7.1% to rank as MENA's 20th import source.
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 164,359 | 164,662 | 178,069 | 204,121 | 183,952 | 2.9 |
| Brazil | 15,510 | 14,980 | 16,299 | 25,384 | 25,552 | 13.3 |
| India | 13,182 | 12,185 | 11,986 | 15,853 | 14,768 | 2.9 |
| Turkey | 9,698 | 9,267 | 10,776 | 14,651 | 14,513 | 10.6 |
| United States | 10,909 | 10,798 | 11,306 | 13,698 | 10,393 | −1.2 |
| Netherlands | 5,719 | 5,840 | 5,482 | 6,720 | 6,874 | 4.7 |
| China | 4,406 | 4,132 | 3,878 | 4,937 | 6,205 | 8.9 |
| France | 6,690 | 6,213 | 5,213 | 8,727 | 5,708 | −3.9 |
| Australia | 2,686 | 2,700 | 4,541 | 6,561 | 5,313 | 18.6 |
| Ukraine | 8,753 | 8,090 | 9,623 | 6,687 | 5,020 | −13.0 |
| Saudi Arabia | 4,231 | 4,173 | 4,357 | 5,265 | 4,690 | 2.6 |
| Canada (20th) | 2,634 | 3,457 | 3,599 | 3,587 | 3,470 | 7.1 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
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In 2023, Canada ranked 4th for soybeans, 8th for wheat and meslin, 17th for frozen beef, and 25th for corn, and 27th for food preparations as an import supplier to MENA among global trade partners. Frozen beef was the fastest growing imports from Canada, increasingly 33.5% annually over 2019 to 2023, followed by corn (15.2%), and soybeans (9.0%).
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Percent Point* change 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 9.4 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 12.4 | 14.0 | 4.6 |
| India | 8.0 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 0.1 |
| Turkey | 5.9 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 1.2 |
| United States | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 5.7 | −0.9 |
| Netherlands | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 0.3 |
| China | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 0.7 |
| France | 4.1 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 3.1 | −0.9 |
| Australia | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 1.3 |
| Ukraine | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 3.3 | 2.8 | −2.6 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.0 |
| Canada (20th) | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 0.3 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *Percent Point change: difference between 2023 and 2019 values |
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| Category | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 164,359 | 164,662 | 178,069 | 204,121 | 182,388 | 2.6 |
| Imports from Canada | 2,634 | 3,457 | 3,599 | 3,587 | 3,470 | 7.1 |
| Supply Gap | 161,725 | 161,205 | 174,470 | 200,534 | 178,918 | 2.6 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
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| HS Code | Description | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total imports | 164,359.0 | 164,661.6 | 178,068.7 | 204,121.0 | 182,176.1 | 2.6 | |
| 100590 | Corn | 9,690.0 | 9,197.3 | 10,269.5 | 12,260.5 | 8,533.8 | −3.1 |
| 100199 | Wheat and meslin | 12,752.8 | 14,728.7 | 16,074.1 | 14,184.6 | 7,982.9 | −11.1 |
| 100630 | Milled rice | 8,292.1 | 7,251.4 | 5,900.5 | 8,137.9 | 7,934.4 | −1.1 |
| 120190 | Soybeans | 5,138.0 | 5,902.5 | 7,215.4 | 9,532.4 | 6,826.7 | 7.4 |
| 170114 | Raw cane sugar | 3,264.4 | 3,770.6 | 3,880.7 | 5,894.2 | 6,260.4 | 17.7 |
| 151190 | Palm oil | 2,905.1 | 3,449.2 | 5,641.9 | 7,576.3 | 5,169.2 | 15.5 |
| 210690 | Food preparations | 3,210.8 | 3,461.4 | 3,787.2 | 4,407.6 | 4,374.3 | 8.0 |
| 020230 | Frozen beef | 3,612.2 | 3,068.7 | 3,782.4 | 3,884.8 | 3,794.5 | 1.2 |
| 230400 | Oilcake | 3,207.7 | 2,297.2 | 2,501.1 | 3,028.3 | 3,694.4 | 3.6 |
| 020712 | Frozen poultry | 2,560.7 | 2,338.6 | 2,704.4 | 3,365.3 | 3,049.6 | 4.5 |
| 020714 | Frozen edible poultry offal | 2,092.2 | 1,655.5 | 2,060.4 | 2,826.2 | 2,790.7 | 7.5 |
| 040221 | Skim milk powder | 2,261.0 | 2,451.5 | 2,348.3 | 2,953.9 | 2,550.4 | 3.1 |
| 240220 | Tobacco cigarettes | 2,400.5 | 2,490.5 | 1,928.4 | 2,405.0 | 2,459.9 | 0.6 |
| 010229 | Live cattle | 1,737.2 | 1,615.3 | 1,331.6 | 1,696.9 | 2,248.6 | 6.7 |
| 090111 | Coffee | 1,208.9 | 1,331.0 | 1,498.7 | 2,104.0 | 2,219.0 | 16.4 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
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Top agri-food and seafood imports
1. Corn (HS 100590)
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 9,690 | 9,197 | 10,270 | 12,261 | 8,534 | −3.1 |
| Brazil | 2,817 | 2,608 | 2,296 | 5,497 | 3,573 | 6.1 |
| Argentina | 2,546 | 2,909 | 2,899 | 3,357 | 2,282 | −2.7 |
| Ukraine | 2,460 | 2,145 | 2,429 | 1,455 | 938 | −21.4 |
| Turkey | 175 | 94 | 109 | 224 | 731 | 43.0 |
| Romania | 712 | 564 | 1,053 | 663 | 521 | −7.5 |
| United States | 193 | 442 | 931 | 591 | 352 | 16.2 |
| South Africa | 9 | 10 | 17 | 25 | 30 | 36.0 |
| Spain | 12 | 16 | 11 | 19 | 27 | 23.4 |
| Moldova | 49 | 33 | 56 | 150 | 25 | −15.9 |
| India | 9 | 6 | 28 | 13 | 19 | 21.6 |
| Canada (25th) | 23,057 | 40,564 | 15.2 | |||
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Percent Point* change 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 29.1 | 28.4 | 22.4 | 44.8 | 41.9 | 12.8 |
| Argentina | 26.3 | 31.6 | 28.2 | 27.4 | 26.7 | 0.5 |
| Ukraine | 25.4 | 23.3 | 23.7 | 11.9 | 11.0 | −14.4 |
| Turkey | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 8.6 | 6.8 |
| Romania | 7.4 | 6.1 | 10.3 | 5.4 | 6.1 | −1.3 |
| United States | 2.0 | 4.8 | 9.1 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 2.1 |
| South Africa | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Spain | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Moldova | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.3 | −0.2 |
| India | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Canada (25th) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *Percent Point change: difference between 2023 and 2019 values |
||||||
| Category | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 9,690.0 | 9,197 | 10,270 | 12,261 | 8,534 | −3.1 |
| Canada | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 7.3 |
| Supply Gap | 9,666 | 9,197 | 10,270 | 12,261 | 8,493 | −3.2 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
2. Wheat and meslin (HS100199)
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 12,753 | 14,729 | 16,074 | 14,185 | 7,983 | −11.1 |
| Romania | 779 | 705 | 1,315 | 1,851 | 1,621 | 20.1 |
| Australia | 511 | 550 | 890 | 1,121 | 1,456 | 29.9 |
| Ukraine | 2,281 | 2,311 | 3,350 | 1,640 | 1,129 | −16.1 |
| France | 2,002 | 1,992 | 1,293 | 3,510 | 1,116 | −13.6 |
| Bulgaria | 217 | 217 | 452 | 1,070 | 849 | 40.6 |
| Germany | 277 | 988 | 988 | 1,095 | 538 | 18.1 |
| United States | 834 | 305 | 362 | 524 | 334 | −20.5 |
| Canada | 209 | 127 | 121 | 167 | 212 | 0.3 |
| Lithuania | 357 | 387 | 67 | 237 | 162 | −18.0 |
| Poland | 265 | 716 | 738 | 227 | 132 | −15.9 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Percent Point* change 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romania | 6.1 | 4.8 | 8.2 | 13.1 | 20.3 | 14.2 |
| Australia | 4.0 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 7.9 | 18.2 | 14.2 |
| Ukraine | 17.9 | 15.7 | 20.8 | 11.6 | 14.1 | −3.8 |
| France | 15.7 | 13.5 | 8.1 | 24.7 | 14.0 | −1.7 |
| Bulgaria | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 7.6 | 10.6 | 8.9 |
| Germany | 2.2 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 4.6 |
| United States | 6.5 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 4.2 | −2.4 |
| Canada | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.0 |
| Lithuania | 2.8 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 2.0 | −0.8 |
| Poland | 2.1 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | −0.4 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *Percent Point change: difference between 2023 and 2019 values |
||||||
| Category | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 12,753 | 14,729 | 16,074 | 14,185 | 7,983 | −11.1 |
| Imports from Canada | 209 | 127 | 121 | 167 | 212 | 0.3 |
| Supply gap | 12,544 | 14,602 | 15,953 | 14,018 | 7,771 | −11.3 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
3. Soybeans (HS120190)
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 5,138 | 5,902 | 7,215 | 9,532 | 6,827 | 7.4 |
| Brazil | 1,639 | 1,859 | 2,851 | 4,745 | 4,522 | 28.9 |
| United States | 1,647 | 2,546 | 2,567 | 3,489 | 1,028 | −11.1 |
| Ukraine | 1,000 | 405 | 249 | 431 | 680 | −9.2 |
| Canada | 350 | 590 | 752 | 661 | 493 | 9.0 |
| Uruguay | 95 | 218 | 356 | 160 | 33 | −22.9 |
| Romania | 40 | 12 | 3 | 17 | 23 | −12.5 |
| Ethiopia | 5 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 15 | 33.0 |
| Moldova | 6 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 25.0 |
| Nigeria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 495.3 |
| Ghana | 2 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 21.8 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Percent Point* change 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 31.9 | 31.5 | 39.5 | 49.8 | 66.2 | 34.3 |
| United States | 32.1 | 43.1 | 35.6 | 36.6 | 15.1 | −17.0 |
| Ukraine | 19.5 | 6.9 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 9.9 | −9.5 |
| Canada | 6.8 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 0.4 |
| Uruguay | 1.8 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 0.5 | −1.4 |
| Romania | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | −0.4 |
| Ethiopia | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Moldova | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Nigeria | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Ghana | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *Percent Point change: difference between 2023 and 2019 values |
||||||
| Category | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 5,138 | 5,902 | 7,215 | 9,532 | 6,827 | 7.4 |
| Imports from Canada | 32.8 | 4.4 | 29.6 | 109.5 | 71.9 | 21.6 |
| Supply gap | 4,788 | 5,312 | 6,463 | 8,871 | 6,334 | 7.2 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
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4. Food preparations (HS210690)
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 3,211 | 3,461 | 3,787 | 4,408 | 4,383 | 8.1 |
| Netherlands | 310 | 356 | 347 | 412 | 394 | 6.2 |
| Germany | 328 | 350 | 343 | 388 | 386 | 4.2 |
| France | 216 | 214 | 259 | 235 | 289 | 7.5 |
| Italy | 194 | 195 | 238 | 285 | 278 | 9.4 |
| United States | 256 | 220 | 261 | 295 | 264 | 0.7 |
| Poland | 98 | 122 | 170 | 236 | 244 | 25.8 |
| Turkey | 143 | 161 | 152 | 184 | 206 | 9.6 |
| United Kingdom | 197 | 183 | 192 | 206 | 200 | 0.3 |
| Spain | 131 | 162 | 192 | 226 | 187 | 9.3 |
| Malaysia | 95 | 99 | 110 | 184 | 186 | 18.1 |
| Canada (27th) | 22 | 23 | 28 | 33 | 25 | 3.3 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Percent Point* change 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 9.7 | 10.3 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.0 | −0.7 |
| Germany | 10.2 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 8.8 | −1.4 |
| France | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 6.6 | −0.1 |
| Italy | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 0.3 |
| United States | 8.0 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.0 | −2.0 |
| Poland | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 2.6 |
| Turkey | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 0.3 |
| United Kingdom | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.6 | −1.6 |
| Spain | 4.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 0.2 |
| Malaysia | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 1.3 |
| Canada (27th) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | −0.1 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *Percent Point change: difference between 2023 and 2019 values |
||||||
| Category | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 3,211 | 3,461 | 3,787 | 4,408 | 4,383 | 8.1 |
| Imports from Canada | 22 | 23 | 28 | 33 | 25 | 3.3 |
| Supply gap | 3,189 | 3,438 | 3,759 | 4,375 | 4,358 | 8.1 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
5. Frozen beef (HS020230)
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 3,612 | 3,069 | 3,782 | 3,885 | 3,794 | 1.2 |
| India | 1,096 | 1,043 | 1,637 | 1,533 | 1,685 | 11.4 |
| Brazil | 1,730 | 1,168 | 1,130 | 1,293 | 1,314 | −6.6 |
| Argentina | 150 | 176 | 199 | 215 | 171 | 3.3 |
| Paraguay | 172 | 201 | 205 | 199 | 135 | −5.8 |
| Australia | 116 | 114 | 156 | 179 | 132 | 3.3 |
| United States | 106 | 82 | 105 | 142 | 79 | −7.0 |
| Uruguay | 39 | 70 | 108 | 100 | 78 | 18.8 |
| Poland | 61 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 38 | −11.2 |
| New Zealand | 24 | 14 | 18 | 21 | 29 | 4.8 |
| Spain | 19 | 13 | 17 | 29 | 27 | 8.8 |
| Canada (17th) | 3 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 33.5 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
||||||
| Country | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Percent Point* change 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | 30.3 | 34.0 | 43.3 | 39.5 | 44.4 | 14.1 |
| Brazil | 47.9 | 38.1 | 29.9 | 33.3 | 34.6 | −13.3 |
| Argentina | 4.2 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 0.4 |
| Paraguay | 4.8 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 3.6 | −1.2 |
| Australia | 3.2 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 3.5 | 0.3 |
| United States | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 2.1 | −0.8 |
| Uruguay | 1.1 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
| Poland | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 | −0.7 |
| New Zealand | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
| Spain | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
| Canada (17th) | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *Percent Point change: difference between 2023 and 2019 values |
||||||
| Category | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | CAGR* % 2019-2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports from the World | 3,612 | 3,069 | 3,782 | 3,885 | 3,794 | 1.2 |
| Imports from Canada | 3 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 33.5 |
| Supply gap | 3,609 | 3,066 | 3,776 | 3,877 | 3,784 | 1.2 |
|
Source: Global Trade Tracker, 2024 *CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate |
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Resources
- Global Trade Tracker, 2024
Competitive Trade Analysis – Agri-food and seafood trends in the Middle East and North Africa
Global Analysis Report
Prepared by: Kris Clipsham, Market analyst
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