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Overview
Canada has a technologically advanced indoor agriculture sector with long-standing success in the global marketplace. Canada's greenhouse vegetable and mushroom sectors are an important part of Canadian agriculture and a source of significant economic activity within Canada, contributing $2.2 billion in farm gate sales and approximately $1.9 billion in exports in 2022. Tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers continue to be the primary vegetables grown in greenhouses, accounting for a combined 96% of greenhouse vegetable production in 2022.
Canadian greenhouse producers have made significant capital investments in high-tech greenhouses to meet the increasing demand for fresh vegetables year-round. Today, the majority of Canadian greenhouse facilities are highly automated with growers typically investing in the latest technology available. Growers are continuously seeking to obtain improved and advanced technology to increase production efficiency, reduce labour costs/inputs, and enhance product quality. These innovative technologies have allowed farmers to extend the natural harvest seasons and fueled continuous efficiency gains, which in turn, has increased their competitiveness and improved product quality.
The Canadian vegetable greenhouse industry is primarily clustered near the southern U.S. border, notably the Fraser Valley region in BC, Southern Ontario, and Quebec. These locations are in proximity to large consumer markets, transportation networks, and favourable growing conditions. In 2022, there were a total of 934 commercial greenhouse vegetable operations in Canada that produced 752,685 metric tons of vegetables, representing a 5% increase in the number of operations and a 7% increase in production compared to 2021. Ontario continued to lead the greenhouse vegetable sector in 2022, representing 71% of the total production in Canada, followed by British Columbia and Quebec, with 14.5% and 8% respectively. Other provinces accounted for the remaining 6.5%.
Canada's greenhouse vegetable growers produce tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, bell-peppers, green/yellow beans, eggplants, strawberries and various herbs and microgreen vegetables. Of these commodities, tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers are the main greenhouse vegetable crops grown in Canada. Tomatoes accounted for 36% of the total greenhouse vegetable sales, followed by cucumbers and peppers, which accounted for 33% and 25%, respectively. Total sales of greenhouse fruit and vegetables rose 11% from 2021 to reach $2.2 billion in 2022 — continuing the annual increases that began in 2013.
The value of greenhouse vegetable exports rose 7.5% from 2021 to reach over $1.4 billion in 2022. The value of greenhouse vegetable exports is the highest of all fresh produce (fruits, greenhouse vegetables, mushrooms, field vegetables, and potatoes) in Canada, accounting for 39% in terms of value of all fresh produce exports. Greenhouse cucumbers accounted for 34% of the total value of exports, followed by greenhouse peppers with 34% and tomatoes with 32%.
Similar to greenhouse vegetables, mushrooms are grown year-round in closed, dark climate-controlled facilities that maintain ideal temperatures and humidity, and are harvested on a 24/7-basis. In 2022, Canadian mushroom growers produced 139,090 metric tons of mushrooms, representing an increase of 0.9% over 2021, with associated increases in cultivated (+1.8%) and harvested (+7.2%) area. The total value of mushrooms sold rose 6.3% to $694.5 million in 2022, largely due to higher prices for both fresh and processed mushrooms. In 2022, Ontario and British Columbia accounted for approximately 93% of the total value of Canadian mushrooms, with more than half of Canada's production volume having been sourced from Ontario.
As with greenhouse vegetable exports, the U.S. is also the top export destination for fresh mushrooms, accounting for more than 97% of export values. Over the last 5 years, mushroom export values have increased by more than 66%, rising to $446.0 million in 2022.
1. Production
1.1. Number of greenhouse vegetable operationsTable 1.1 note 1 by province
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic provincesTable 1.1 note 2 | 51 | 49 | 65 | 74 | 65 | 7.0% |
Quebec | 238 | 235 | 230 | 236 | 212 | 22.7% |
Ontario | 325 | 315 | 315 | 321 | 387 | 41.4% |
Prairie provincesTable 1.1 note 2 | 102 | 94 | 98 | 103 | 103 | 11.0% |
British Columbia | 150 | 150 | 150 | 158 | 167 | 17.9% |
Canada | 866 | 843 | 858 | 892 | 934 | 100.0% |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0019-01 Estimates of specialized greenhouse operations, greenhouse area, and months of operation |
1.2. Harvested area of greenhouse vegetablesTable 1.2 note 1 by province (square metres)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Newfoundland and Labrador | 6,539 | 5,340 | 5,396 | 6,882 | 5,106 | 0.0% |
Prince Edward Island | 14,935 | 12,169 | 18,885 | 19,586 | 14,074 | 0.1% |
Nova Scotia | 82,265 | 88,211 | 84,376 | 86,114 | 83,578 | 0.4% |
New Brunswick | 4,617 | 6,983 | 6,041 | 7,350 | 7,515 | 0.0% |
Quebec | 1,228,400 | 1,257,737 | 1,419,780 | 1,491,924 | 1,549,087 | 7.7% |
Ontario | 12,194,927 | 12,524,892 | 12,906,198 | 13,230,470 | 14,350,730 | 71.0% |
Manitoba | 8,287 | 11,484 | 8,173 | 15,936 | 16,571 | 0.1% |
Saskatchewan | 17,300 | 14,706 | 14,183 | 16,142 | 17,545 | 0.1% |
Alberta | 719,049 | 732,695 | 742,732 | 817,158 | 844,677 | 4.2% |
British Columbia | 3,136,709 | 3,016,166 | 3,010,912 | 3,103,775 | 3,286,822 | 16.3% |
CanadaTable 1.2 note 2 | 17,430,846 | 17,700,845 | 18,256,531 | 18,816,824 | 20,210,942 | 100.0% |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables |
1.3. Harvested area of greenhouse vegetablesTable 1.3 note 1 by commodity (square metres)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomatoes | 6,579,782 | 6,346,327 | 6,183,913 | 6,835,395 | 7,207,531 | 35.7% |
Peppers | 5,615,729 | 5,760,318 | 5,895,959 | 6,152,252 | 6,396,091 | 31.6% |
Cucumbers | 4,559,877 | 4,739,726 | 5,060,743 | 4,666,140 | 5,352,294 | 26.5% |
Lettuce | 236,813 | 417,302 | 344,200 | 335,216 | 344,496 | 1.7% |
Strawberries | N/A | N/A | 303,791 | 321,210 | 332,787 | 1.6% |
Other fruits or vegetables | 131,831 | 97,715 | 84,907 | 138,385 | 205,990 | 1.0% |
Eggplants | 110,519 | 121,641 | 138,509 | 140,496 | 139,547 | 0.7% |
Fine herbs | 69,737 | 103,655 | 116,026 | 98,292 | 102,745 | 0.5% |
Microgreens and shoots | 69,479 | 61,663 | 57,450 | 52,578 | 55,022 | 0.3% |
Chinese vegetables | 43,396 | 37,850 | 54,205 | 54,319 | 50,929 | 0.3% |
Beans (green and wax) | 6,998 | 8,914 | 12,479 | 17,888 | 19,009 | 0.1% |
Sprouts | 6,685 | 5,734 | 4,349 | 4,653 | 4,501 | 0.0% |
Total | 17,430,846 | 17,700,845 | 18,256,531 | 18,816,824 | 20,210,942 | 100.0% |
Notes:
N/A: Not available for a specific reference period. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables |
1.4. Greenhouse vegetableTable 1.4 note 1 production by province – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Newfoundland and Labrador | 14 | 28 | 34 | 41 | 13 | 0.0% |
Prince Edward Island | 448 | 407 | 692 | 756 | 16 | 0.0% |
Nova Scotia | 2,872 | 3,147 | 3,096 | 3,060 | 3,134 | 0.4% |
New Brunswick | 45 | 301 | 87 | 110 | 122 | 0.0% |
Quebec | 41,333 | 41,027 | 46,959 | 56,905 | 62,400 | 8.3% |
Ontario | 452,009 | 462,661 | 477,157 | 490,416 | 530,567 | 70.5% |
Manitoba | 205 | 218 | 204 | 367 | 381 | 0.1% |
Saskatchewan | 209 | 187 | 193 | 203 | 231 | 0.0% |
Alberta | 37,161 | 40,391 | 42,643 | 43,697 | 45,328 | 6.0% |
British Columbia | 123,000 | 110,841 | 115,564 | 103,956 | 109,489 | 14.5% |
CanadaTable 1.4 note 2 | 660,259 | 659,623 | 687,057 | 699,793 | 752,685 | 100.0% |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables |
1.5. Greenhouse vegetableTable 1.5 note 1 production by commodity – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomatoes | 279,433 | 264,737 | 257,639 | 279,627 | 293,974 | 39.1% |
Cucumbers | 228,764 | 231,751 | 252,581 | 237,672 | 272,542 | 36.2% |
Peppers | 139,153 | 145,870 | 152,437 | 153,796 | 156,898 | 20.8% |
Lettuce | 7,049 | 11,843 | 15,143 | 19,221 | 19,602 | 2.6% |
Eggplants | 3,476 | 3,141 | 4,040 | 4,219 | 4,221 | 0.6% |
Strawberries | N/A | N/A | 2,554 | 2,731 | 2,851 | 0.4% |
Fine herbs | 572 | 938 | 1,190 | 1,115 | 1,133 | 0.2% |
Microgreens and shoots | 919 | 594 | 582 | 499 | 562 | 0.1% |
Chinese vegetables | 442 | 368 | 471 | 467 | 441 | 0.1% |
Sprouts | 405 | 337 | 345 | 331 | 329 | 0.0% |
Beans (green and wax) | 47 | 45 | 76 | 115 | 132 | 0.0% |
Total | 660,259 | 659,623 | 687,057 | 699,793 | 752,685 | 100.0% |
Notes:
N/A: Not available for a specific reference period. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables |
1.6. Farm gate value of greenhouse vegetablesTable 1.6 note 1 by province (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Newfoundland and Labrador | $94 | $153 | $202 | $205 | $178 | 0.0% |
Prince Edward Island | $1,897 | $1,902 | $2,035 | $2,943 | $1 | 0.0% |
Nova Scotia | $4,793 | $9,503 | $8,654 | $9,918 | $9,116 | 0.4% |
New Brunswick | $189 | $1,085 | $736 | $1,148 | $1,229 | 0.1% |
Quebec | $143,496 | $146,811 | $157,251 | $207,973 | $233,681 | 10.5% |
Ontario | $955,527 | $1,067,388 | $1,190,030 | $1,299,759 | $1,481,733 | 66.4% |
Manitoba | $1,201 | $1,529 | $1,200 | $1,896 | $2,114 | 0.1% |
Saskatchewan | $1,415 | $1,028 | $1,199 | $455 | $1,324 | 0.1% |
Alberta | $81,003 | $96,362 | $118,795 | $57,546 | $105,563 | 4.7% |
British Columbia | $296,885 | $306,335 | $319,630 | $322,729 | $342,333 | 15.3% |
CanadaTable 1.6 note 2 | $1,512,118 | $1,633,553 | $1,832,159 | $1,979,902 | $2,230,485 | 100.0% |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables |
1.7. Farm gate value of greenhouse vegetablesTable 1.7 note 1 by commodity (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomatoes | $569,574 | $594,072 | $660,379 | $714,766 | $793,649 | 35.6% |
Cucumbers | $443,018 | $473,549 | $539,497 | $604,394 | $738,272 | 33.1% |
Peppers | $428,451 | $477,680 | $511,359 | $528,163 | $554,309 | 24.9% |
Lettuce | $33,941 | $50,003 | $64,092 | $65,255 | $70,045 | 3.1% |
Strawberries | N/A | N/A | $15,522 | $18,486 | $19,797 | 0.9% |
Other fruits or vegetables | $7,459 | $8,190 | $7,259 | $15,671 | $19,638 | 0.9% |
Eggplants | $11,727 | $11,725 | $15,336 | $16,172 | $16,614 | 0.7% |
Fine herbs | $7,066 | $10,344 | $10,173 | $9,341 | $9,712 | 0.4% |
Microgreens and shoots | $8,384 | $5,764 | $5,601 | $4,349 | $4,943 | 0.2% |
Beans (green and wax) | $406 | $399 | $687 | $1,090 | $1,268 | 0.1% |
Sprouts | $1,014 | $898 | $1,101 | $1,129 | $1,158 | 0.1% |
Chinese vegetables | $1,076 | $930 | $1,153 | $1,086 | $1,079 | 0.0% |
Total | $1,512,118 | $1,633,553 | $1,832,159 | $1,979,902 | $2,230,485 | 100.0% |
Notes:
N/A: Not available for a specific reference period. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables |
1.8. Area, production and salesTable 1.8 note 1 of Canadian mushrooms
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Harvested area (thousands of square feet) | Maritime provinces and Quebec | x | x | x | x | x |
Ontario | 31,965 | 34,033 | 33,430 | 36,039 | 39,257 | |
Prairie provinces | x | x | x | x | x | |
British Columbia | 17,292 | 22,357 | 21,938 | 22,072 | 22,696 | |
CanadaTable 1.8 note 2 | 53,558 | 60,695 | 59,167 | 61,916 | 66,360 | |
Production (metric tonnes) | Maritime provinces and Quebec | x | x | x | x | x |
Ontario | 69,196 | 66,687 | 66,787 | 71,114 | 71,279 | |
Prairie provinces | x | x | x | x | x | |
British Columbia | 47,352 | 56,424 | x | x | x | |
CanadaTable 1.8 note 2 | 125,565 | 132,114 | 132,589 | 137,796 | 139,090 | |
Sales (CAN$ '000) | Maritime provinces and Quebec | x | x | x | x | x |
Ontario | $338,350 | $339,329 | $369,977 | $417,415 | $439,267 | |
Prairie provinces | x | x | x | x | x | |
British Columbia | $173,790 | $207,592 | x | $196,142 | $204,158 | |
CanadaTable 1.8 note 2 | $553,320 | $589,468 | $619,691 | $653,508 | $694,466 | |
Notes:
x: Suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0356-01 Area, production and sales of mushrooms |
2. Trade
2.1. Canadian greenhouse vegetable and mushroom trade balance (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exports | Greenhouse vegetables | $1,001,686 | $1,107,800 | $1,397,518 | $1,312,604 | $1,419,284 |
Mushrooms | $268,049 | $324,140 | $362,443 | $383,910 | $445,981 | |
Total exports | $1,269,734 | $1,431,940 | $1,759,961 | $1,696,514 | $1,865,265 | |
Import | Greenhouse vegetables | $332,631 | $331,151 | $368,871 | $397,586 | $428,285 |
Mushrooms | $64,770 | $69,334 | $67,469 | $65,138 | $68,404 | |
Total imports | $397,401 | $400,485 | $436,339 | $462,724 | $496,688 | |
Trade balance (exports − imports) |
Greenhouse vegetables | $669,055 | $776,648 | $1,028,648 | $915,018 | $991,000 |
Mushrooms | $203,278 | $254,807 | $294,974 | $318,772 | $377,577 | |
Overall trade balance | $872,333 | $1,031,455 | $1,323,622 | $1,233,790 | $1,368,577 | |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2. Exports
2.2.1. Canada's greenhouse vegetable exports by commodity – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cucumbers and gherkins | $280,554 | $301,827 | $380,162 | $413,714 | $480,773 | 33.9% |
Peppers | $352,709 | $420,415 | $508,967 | $442,689 | $478,020 | 33.7% |
Tomatoes | $368,422 | $385,558 | $508,389 | $456,201 | $460,491 | 32.4% |
Total | $1,001,686 | $1,107,800 | $1,397,518 | $1,312,604 | $1,419,284 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.2. Canada's greenhouse vegetable exports by commodity – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cucumbers and gherkins | 114,221 | 118,592 | 130,778 | 149,180 | 173,557 | 40.0% |
Tomatoes | 138,129 | 138,555 | 144,758 | 158,191 | 148,819 | 34.3% |
Peppers | 83,288 | 94,022 | 109,046 | 115,092 | 111,864 | 25.8% |
Total | 335,638 | 351,169 | 384,582 | 422,463 | 434,241 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.3. Canada's greenhouse vegetable exports by province – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nova Scotia | $2 | $2 | $1 | $0 | $1 | 0.0% |
New Brunswick | $3 | $6 | $17 | $14 | $14 | 0.0% |
Québec | $17,789 | $18,549 | $19,811 | $19,599 | $28,829 | 2.0% |
Ontario | $819,805 | $920,159 | $1,162,069 | $1,129,495 | $1,237,215 | 87.2% |
Manitoba | $6 | $8 | $0 | $0 | $0 | 0.0% |
Alberta | $9,484 | $4,725 | $3,364 | $5,898 | $4,577 | 0.3% |
British Columbia | $154,597 | $164,351 | $212,257 | $157,598 | $148,649 | 10.5% |
Total | $1,001,686 | $1,107,800 | $1,397,518 | $1,312,604 | $1,419,284 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.4. Canada's greenhouse vegetable exports by province – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nova Scotia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% |
New Brunswick | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 0.0% |
Québec | 5,188 | 4,839 | 5,693 | 6,058 | 7,179 | 1.7% |
Ontario | 283,051 | 296,983 | 325,600 | 366,015 | 382,339 | 88.0% |
Manitoba | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% |
Alberta | 4,376 | 2,570 | 1,204 | 2,374 | 1,895 | 0.4% |
British Columbia | 43,017 | 46,773 | 52,079 | 48,011 | 42,825 | 9.9% |
Total | 335,638 | 351,169 | 384,582 | 422,463 | 434,241 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.5. Canada's top greenhouse vegetable export destinations – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States | $994,815 | $1,102,403 | $1,391,671 | $1,305,093 | $1,411,868 | 99.5% |
Japan | $5,841 | $4,172 | $5,316 | $7,414 | $7,371 | 0.5% |
France | $11 | $13 | $7 | $2 | $17 | 0.0% |
Taiwan | $641 | $794 | $407 | $11 | $16 | 0.0% |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | $4 | $8 | $17 | $14 | $14 | 0.0% |
Others | $373 | $410 | $100 | $71 | $0 | 0.0% |
Total | $1,001,686 | $1,107,800 | $1,397,518 | $1,312,604 | $1,419,284 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.6. Canada's top greenhouse vegetable export destinations – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States | 333,565 | 349,533 | 382,684 | 420,052 | 431,862 | 99.5% |
Japan | 1,753 | 1,250 | 1,722 | 2,379 | 2,366 | 0.5% |
France | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 0.0% |
Taiwan | 203 | 256 | 136 | 4 | 5 | 0.0% |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 0.0% |
Others | 113 | 125 | 33 | 23 | 0 | 0.0% |
Total | 335,638 | 351,169 | 384,582 | 422,463 | 434,241 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.7. Greenhouse vegetable destinations by commodity – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cucumbers and gherkins | United States | $280,524 | $301,810 | $380,118 | $413,679 | $480,582 |
Japan | $0 | $0 | $34 | $29 | $187 | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | $1 | $1 | $3 | $3 | $4 | |
France | $0 | $1 | $1 | $0 | $1 | |
Total | $280,554 | $301,827 | $380,162 | $413,714 | $480,773 | |
Peppers | United States | $351,893 | $419,512 | $508,306 | $441,989 | $476,685 |
Japan | $574 | $672 | $623 | $683 | $1,294 | |
France | $10 | $12 | $6 | $2 | $16 | |
Taiwan | $16 | $4 | $0 | $0 | $16 | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | $3 | $6 | $14 | $11 | $10 | |
Total | $352,709 | $420,415 | $508,967 | $442,689 | $478,020 | |
Tomatoes | United States | $362,397 | $381,081 | $503,247 | $449,424 | $454,601 |
Japan | $5,267 | $3,500 | $4,659 | $6,702 | $5,890 | |
Total | $368,422 | $385,558 | $508,389 | $456,201 | $460,491 | |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.8. Greenhouse vegetable destinations by commodity – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cucumbers and gherkins | United States | 114,211 | 118,586 | 130,763 | 149,167 | 173,488 |
Japan | 0 | 0 | 12 | 11 | 68 | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Total | 114,221 | 118,592 | 130,778 | 149,180 | 173,557 | |
Tomatoes | United States | 136,275 | 137,155 | 143,065 | 155,993 | 146,884 |
Japan | 1,613 | 1,085 | 1,531 | 2,173 | 1,935 | |
Total | 138,129 | 138,555 | 144,758 | 158,191 | 148,819 | |
Peppers | United States | 83,080 | 93,792 | 108,855 | 114,892 | 111,490 |
Japan | 140 | 165 | 180 | 196 | 364 | |
France | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
Taiwan | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | |
Total | 83,288 | 94,022 | 109,046 | 115,092 | 111,864 | |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.9. Canada's mushroom exports by province – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nova Scotia | $1 | $4 | $0 | $0 | $0 | 0.0% |
New Brunswick | $0 | $13 | $0 | $0 | $0 | 0.0% |
Quebec | $314 | $221 | $644 | $23 | $182 | 0.0% |
Ontario | $79,049 | $95,819 | $113,102 | $111,783 | $118,335 | 26.5% |
Manitoba | $3 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $13,250 | 3.0% |
Alberta | $40 | $0 | $0 | $160 | $17 | 0.0% |
British Columbia | $188,643 | $228,082 | $248,697 | $271,944 | $314,196 | 70.5% |
CanadaTable 2.2.9 note 1 | $268,049 | $324,140 | $362,443 | $383,910 | $445,981 | 100.0% |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.10. Canada's mushroom exports by province – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nova Scotia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% |
New Brunswick | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% |
Quebec | 23 | 26 | 44 | 2 | 5 | 0.0% |
Ontario | 13,505 | 16,514 | 19,315 | 19,252 | 19,757 | 29.8% |
Manitoba | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,794 | 2.7% |
Alberta | 6 | 0 | 0 | 95 | 10 | 0.0% |
British Columbia | 32,516 | 35,666 | 37,953 | 43,382 | 44,680 | 67.4% |
CanadaTable 2.2.10 note 1 | 46,051 | 52,206 | 57,312 | 62,730 | 66,246 | 100.0% |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.11. Canada's top mushroom export destinations – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States | $256,103 | $304,859 | $350,518 | $373,865 | $433,734 | 97.3% |
Japan | $4,106 | $11,969 | $8,866 | $8,424 | $5,376 | 1.2% |
France | $3,040 | $2,527 | $1,114 | $533 | $2,552 | 0.6% |
Switzerland | $2,077 | $858 | $422 | $168 | $2,075 | 0.5% |
Netherlands | $670 | $841 | $715 | $364 | $1,023 | 0.2% |
Others | $2,053 | $3,085 | $808 | $555 | $1,220 | 0.3% |
Total | $268,049 | $324,140 | $362,443 | $383,910 | $445,981 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.2.12. Canada's top mushroom export destinations – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States | 45,863 | 51,817 | 56,937 | 62,333 | 65,885 | 99.5% |
Japan | 85 | 228 | 280 | 331 | 248 | 0.4% |
France | 50 | 75 | 41 | 19 | 46 | 0.1% |
Netherlands | 19 | 30 | 28 | 11 | 26 | 0.0% |
Switzerland | 15 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 18 | 0.0% |
Others | 18 | 47 | 24 | 35 | 24 | 0.0% |
Total | 46,051 | 52,206 | 57,312 | 62,730 | 66,246 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.3. Imports
2.3.1. Canada's greenhouse vegetable imports by commodity – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peppers | $138,543 | $147,443 | $163,389 | $169,861 | $197,379 | 46.1% |
Tomatoes | $149,830 | $134,822 | $162,224 | $172,876 | $189,569 | 44.3% |
Cucumbers and gherkins | $43,705 | $48,484 | $42,822 | $54,463 | $40,621 | 9.5% |
Lettuce | $553 | $402 | $435 | $386 | $715 | 0.2% |
Total | $332,631 | $331,151 | $368,871 | $397,586 | $428,285 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.3.2. Canada's greenhouse vegetable imports by commodity – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomatoes | 68,721 | 59,749 | 66,996 | 75,306 | 77,850 | 49.5% |
Peppers | 49,453 | 47,210 | 49,150 | 52,735 | 61,062 | 38.8% |
Cucumbers and gherkins | 23,775 | 24,193 | 21,105 | 25,412 | 18,346 | 11.7% |
Lettuce | 181 | 111 | 68 | 64 | 142 | 0.1% |
Total | 142,131 | 131,264 | 137,319 | 153,517 | 157,400 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.3.3. Top sources of Canada's greenhouse vegetable imports – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mexico | $286,268 | $270,515 | $320,621 | $336,171 | $369,788 | 86.3% |
United States | $34,778 | $42,387 | $37,176 | $54,206 | $52,566 | 12.3% |
Spain | $8,139 | $11,888 | $4,707 | $2,944 | $3,851 | 0.9% |
Netherlands | $1,434 | $3,202 | $2,285 | $320 | $503 | 0.1% |
Viet Nam | $2 | $104 | $228 | $459 | $462 | 0.1% |
Others | $2,010 | $3,056 | $3,855 | $3,487 | $1,114 | 0.3% |
Total | $332,631 | $331,151 | $368,871 | $397,586 | $428,285 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.3.4. Top sources of Canada's greenhouse vegetable imports – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mexico | 124,857 | 109,512 | 120,959 | 128,937 | 133,137 | 84.6% |
United States | 14,187 | 16,509 | 13,270 | 22,685 | 22,922 | 14.6% |
Spain | 1,928 | 3,252 | 1,227 | 706 | 838 | 0.5% |
Netherlands | 474 | 857 | 378 | 48 | 84 | 0.1% |
Viet Nam | 1 | 33 | 74 | 108 | 94 | 0.1% |
Others | 684 | 1,101 | 1,411 | 1,033 | 324 | 0.2% |
Total | 142,131 | 131,264 | 137,319 | 153,517 | 157,400 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.3.5. Greenhouse vegetable import sources by commodity – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peppers | Mexico | $121,986 | $123,180 | $147,060 | $161,197 | $187,324 |
United States | $6,390 | $7,796 | $6,674 | $2,009 | $4,413 | |
Spain | $7,478 | $10,533 | $4,600 | $2,914 | $3,755 | |
Netherlands | $1,151 | $3,120 | $2,275 | $306 | $496 | |
Total | $138,543 | $147,443 | $163,389 | $169,861 | $197,379 | |
Tomatoes | Mexico | $126,643 | $109,766 | $142,631 | $144,527 | $154,642 |
United States | $22,895 | $24,893 | $19,031 | $28,278 | $34,924 | |
Guatemala | $117 | $0 | $203 | $70 | $3 | |
New Zealand | $101 | $162 | $360 | $0 | $0 | |
Total | $149,830 | $134,822 | $162,224 | $172,876 | $189,569 | |
Cucumbers and gherkins | Mexico | $37,594 | $37,553 | $30,922 | $30,445 | $27,818 |
United States | $5,025 | $9,354 | $11,131 | $23,631 | $12,592 | |
Spain | $646 | $1,351 | $89 | $10 | $78 | |
Netherlands | $283 | $82 | $6 | $8 | $1 | |
Total | $43,705 | $48,484 | $42,822 | $54,463 | $40,621 | |
Lettuce | United States | $468 | $344 | $339 | $287 | $637 |
South Korea | $24 | $37 | $63 | $66 | $41 | |
Spain | $14 | $4 | $18 | $20 | $18 | |
Netherlands | $0 | $0 | $4 | $6 | $6 | |
Total | $553 | $402 | $435 | $386 | $715 | |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.3.6. Greenhouse vegetable import sources by commodity – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomatoes | Mexico | 59,124 | 49,931 | 60,013 | 62,241 | 62,419 |
United States | 9,500 | 9,760 | 6,730 | 13,044 | 15,428 | |
Guatemala | 37 | 0 | 62 | 21 | 2 | |
New Zealand | 30 | 58 | 190 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 68,721 | 59,749 | 66,996 | 75,306 | 77,850 | |
Peppers | Mexico | 44,377 | 39,819 | 44,286 | 50,196 | 58,292 |
United States | 2,577 | 3,017 | 2,379 | 819 | 1,524 | |
Spain | 1,618 | 2,594 | 1,178 | 696 | 820 | |
Netherlands | 365 | 805 | 374 | 44 | 83 | |
Total | 49,453 | 47,210 | 49,150 | 52,735 | 61,062 | |
Cucumbers and gherkins | Mexico | 21,337 | 19,750 | 16,659 | 16,499 | 12,425 |
United States | 1,951 | 3,636 | 4,099 | 8,767 | 5,834 | |
Spain | 308 | 657 | 48 | 8 | 16 | |
Netherlands | 109 | 52 | 3 | 3 | 0 | |
Total | 23,775 | 24,193 | 21,105 | 25,412 | 18,346 | |
Lettuce | United States | 158 | 96 | 60 | 55 | 135 |
South Korea | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | |
Spain | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Netherlands | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Total | 181 | 111 | 68 | 64 | 142 | |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.3.7. Top sources of Canada's mushroom imports – by value (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States | $41,161 | $39,978 | $41,512 | $37,719 | $38,427 | 56.2% |
China | $10,636 | $12,008 | $12,581 | $14,926 | $19,235 | 28.1% |
South Korea | $7,427 | $8,704 | $8,112 | $5,787 | $2,417 | 3.5% |
Italy | $1,532 | $1,723 | $1,263 | $2,128 | $2,188 | 3.2% |
France | $1,256 | $1,237 | $1,759 | $1,530 | $1,791 | 2.6% |
Others | $2,758 | $5,683 | $2,241 | $3,048 | $4,345 | 6.4% |
Total | $64,770 | $69,334 | $67,469 | $65,138 | $68,404 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
2.3.8. Top sources of Canada's mushroom imports – by volume (metric tons)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States | 8,201 | 7,595 | 7,848 | 6,777 | 5,585 | 57.1% |
China | 1,196 | 1,339 | 1,544 | 2,058 | 2,927 | 29.9% |
South Korea | 2,651 | 2,940 | 2,687 | 1,885 | 722 | 7.4% |
Italy | 26 | 56 | 90 | 248 | 96 | 1.0% |
France | 53 | 47 | 61 | 61 | 73 | 0.7% |
Others | 248 | 271 | 123 | 232 | 374 | 3.8% |
Total | 12,375 | 12,249 | 12,353 | 11,261 | 9,778 | 100.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada (CATSNET, May 2023) |
3. Channels of distribution
3.1. Channels of distribution for greenhouse vegetableTable 3.1 note 1 sales and resalesTable 3.1 note 2
(millions of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domestic wholesalers | $1,062.2 | $1,090.1 | $1,176.1 | $1,307.8 | $1,464.0 | 65.6% |
Mass market chain stores | $166.1 | $206.1 | $266.7 | $299.0 | $333.1 | 14.9% |
Other channels | $208.1 | $229.8 | $237.8 | $218.6 | $264.0 | 14.4% |
Other greenhouses | $50.2 | $78.1 | $109.3 | $126.3 | $138.8 | 6.2% |
Direct sales to the publicTable 3.1 note 3 | $25.6 | $29.5 | $42.3 | $28.2 | $30.6 | 1.4% |
Total sales | $1,512.1 | $1,633.6 | $1,832.2 | $1,979.9 | $2,230.5 | 100.0% |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0022-01Channels of distribution for horticulture product sales and resales |
4. Operating expenses and assets
4.1. Greenhouse vegetableTable 4.1 note 1Table 4.1 note 2 producers' operating expenses by category
(millions of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gross yearly payrollTable 4.1 note 3 | $362.9 | $386.1 | $434.6 | $520.8 | $546.4 | 31.4% |
Other operating expensesTable 4.1 note 4 | $298.7 | $305.8 | $361.3 | $382.9 | $413.9 | 23.8% |
Other crop expensesTable 4.1 note 5 | $225.4 | $247.0 | $279.0 | $312.4 | $362.5 | 20.9% |
FuelTable 4.1 note 6 | $147.4 | $146.2 | $149.0 | $162.7 | $172.9 | 9.9% |
Plant material purchases for growing onTable 4.1 note 7 | $118.5 | $130.9 | $147.6 | $160.7 | $172.5 | 9.9% |
ElectricityTable 4.1 note 8 | $42.5 | $42.9 | $50.7 | $66.3 | $70.0 | 4.0% |
Total operating expenses | $1,195.5 | $1,259.0 | $1,422.2 | $1,605.7 | $1,738.2 | 100.0% |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0025-01 Specialized greenhouse producers' operating expenses |
4.2. Mushroom operation assets by category (thousands of Canadian dollars)
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 % Share |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land | x | x | $120,412 | $127,184 | $150,854 | 16.2% |
BuildingsTable 4.2 note 1 | x | x | $468,389 | $543,223 | $620,516 | 66.7% |
Processing, packing equipment and other machinery | x | x | $146,358 | $154,140 | $159,550 | 17.1% |
Investment, total | x | x | $735,159 | $824,547 | $930,921 | 100.0% |
Notes:
x: Suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0356-01 Area, production and sales of mushrooms |
5. Labour
5.1. Total number of employees of specialized greenhouse vegetable operations
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic provinces | Seasonal employeesTable 5.1 note 1 | 90 | 77 | 61 | 101 | 105 |
Permanent employeesTable 5.1 note 2 | 89 | 119 | 156 | 148 | 150 | |
Total employees | 179 | 196 | 217 | 249 | 255 | |
Quebec | Seasonal employeesTable 5.1 note 1 | 404 | 400 | 603 | 724 | 742 |
Permanent employeesTable 5.1 note 2 | 824 | 789 | 844 | 1,098 | 1,105 | |
Total employees | 1,228 | 1,189 | 1,447 | 1,822 | 1,847 | |
Ontario | Seasonal employeesTable 5.1 note 1 | 3,694 | 3,742 | 4,000 | 4,266 | 4,469 |
Permanent employeesTable 5.1 note 2 | 4,352 | 4,533 | 5,177 | 6,186 | 6,598 | |
Total employees | 8,046 | 8,275 | 9,177 | 10,452 | 11,067 | |
Prairie provinces | Seasonal employeesTable 5.1 note 1 | 161 | 162 | 255 | 187 | 200 |
Permanent employeesTable 5.1 note 2 | 680 | 706 | 726 | 805 | 807 | |
Total employees | 841 | 868 | 981 | 992 | 1,007 | |
British Columbia | Seasonal employeesTable 5.1 note 1 | 980 | 819 | 850 | 911 | 913 |
Permanent employeesTable 5.1 note 2 | 1,151 | 1,205 | 1,281 | 1,391 | 1,294 | |
Total employees | 2,131 | 2,024 | 2,131 | 2,302 | 2,207 | |
Canada | Seasonal employeesTable 5.1 note 1 | 5,329 | 5,200 | 5,769 | 6,189 | 6,429 |
Permanent employeesTable 5.1 note 2 | 7,096 | 7,352 | 8,184 | 9,628 | 9,954 | |
Total employees | 12,425 | 12,552 | 13,953 | 15,817 | 16,383 | |
Notes:
Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0028-01 Total number of employees of specialized greenhouse operations |
5.2. Total number of employees and labour cost of mushroom operations
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour cost, total (thousands of Canadian dollars) | x | x | $193,273 | $199,228 | $220,581 |
Full-time employees (number) | x | x | 4,441 | 4,692 | 5,156 |
Part-time employees (number) | x | x | 869 | 875 | 823 |
Total employees | 5,310 | 5,567 | 5,979 | ||
Notes: x: Suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0356-01 Area, production and sales of mushrooms |
6. Key Resources
- Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0456-01 Production and value of greenhouse fruits and vegetables
- Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0019-01 Estimates of specialized greenhouse operations, greenhouse area, and months of operation
- Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0028-01 Total number of employees of specialized greenhouse operations
- Statistics Canada. Table 32-10-0356-01 Area, production and sales of mushrooms
- Statistics Canada. CATSNET