Health and Wellness Series – Organic packaged food trends in South Korea

Consumer profile

In 2023, South Korea's population reached 51.6 million and has grew at a slow rate by a CAGR of 0.2% over the last decade (2013-2023) and is expected to decrease by a CAGR of 0.1% down to 51.0 million by 2033 (2023-2033). The median age of population was 45.6 in South Korea in 2023. This population consisted of approximately 5.7 million of children under the age of 14, 19.6 million of young and middle youth adults (aged 15-44), 16.7 million of mid-lifers (aged 45-64), and 9.5 million of later lifers and seniors (aged 65+) in 2023.

South Korea has a very mountaneous landscape, of which its urban (central) population accounted for 81.5% with the remainder 18.5% of the total population residing in rural regions over last year. The top ten urban cities in South Korea represented 47.1% (24.3 million) of the total population in 2023, which is expected to decrease by a CAGR of 0.4% (2023-2033). Seoul has the largest urban population at 9.3 million people, accounting for 18.0% of the total population throughout South Korea, followed by Busan (6.3%), Incheon (5.6%), Daegu (4.5%), and Daejeon (2.8%) in 2023. All of the ten most populated urban regions in South Korea have been declining in habitants (CAGR: −0.4% ≤ −1.1%) at the exception of Incheon and Suwon, both that grew by a CAGR of 0.4% between 2013 and 2023.

In 2023, out of approximately 22.2 million households, South Korea's average household size was 2.3 persons with the average family size having no children (74.6%) or one child (20.2%) per household. Over the year, single-person households represented the largest demographic by 34.4%, followed by couple with children households (27.4%), couple without children (17.4%), other blended families (11.7%), and single-parent family households (9.0%). Renters living in apartments accounted for 65% of the population and 34% being house owners, with 1% living in another type of household dwelling in 2023.

In South Korea, the average gross income (aged 15+) was US$29,061.5 with an annual median disposable income per household of US$36,033 in 2023. The total average gross income in South Korea was fairly distributed amongst all population age groups other than its lowest salary ranges between US$15,321.9 (aged 15-19) and US$24,561.5 (aged 20-24), which on average peaked at as high as US$32,016.3 (aged 45-49); decreasing back down to approximately an average salary of US$28,205 (aged 65+). In South Korea, middle class households consisted of 33.3% of the total population. More over, out of a workforce of 89% (45.9 million people) of the total population in 2023: approximately 38.6% (Social Class D) of the South Korean workforce brought in a salary between (50-100%) of the average gross income, while 26.8% (Social Class C) made a salary between (100-150%) of the average gross income (up to US$43,592.3), and 17.9% (Social Class E) made less than 50% of the average salary per year (<US$14,530.8). On the upper end, 10.8% (Social Class B) of the population made a salary between (150-200% of avg. income) and 5.9% of the population (Social Class A) made over 200% of the average salary per year (>US$58,123).

South Korea (after Japan) is set to be the 2nd most rapidly-ageing nations in the world - out of the top five Asia Pacific regions (along with Singapore, Greece, Italy) to reach the highest share of 65+ ageing population by 2040. The share of the 65+ population in South Korea will jump from 18.4% of the total population in 2023 to reach 34% in 2040. This has been driven by the country's extremely low fertility rates in the world with an average fertility rate of 0.7 born per woman - well below the average rate of 2.1 that is required to maintain a stable population. In South Korea, there is an increasingly cemented cultural norm for parents to have only one child (if any) - registering a birth rate of 4.6 per thousand population in 2023. This birth rate is lower than South Korean's death rate of 6.7 per thousand population in 2023, with a life expectancy at birth of 84 years of age. As the country's ageing population hastens, South Korea's population may decline earlier than expected, causing significant economic consequences in terms of productivity and growth.^{Footnote 1}

South Korea shows as a robust economy, with strong employment rates, and emphasis on education and hard work, resulting in well-paying job opportunities for its citizens compared regionally. The country ranked 4th out of 22 Asia Pacific countries in terms of average gross annual income (reaching US$29,061.5). South Korea is also a country which features relatively long working hours and high disposable incomes. Consequently, South Korean parents have higher disposable incomes (expected +8.7% in real terms per capita from 2022 to 2027) to spend on few children and are willing to pay a premium for high quality products.^{Footnote 2} There is a stronger demand for explicitly organic foods that is increasing as Koreans gain trust in well-known brands, especially if they feel confident in its quality and its safety, while being motivated by eco-friendly environmental claims, convenient use claims and next day delivery incentives.^{Footnote 3}

Meanwhile, in South Korea, the health and wellness industry continues to grow in importance post-pandemic as consumers become more aware of the negative health impact of processed foods. South Korean consumers are seeking healthier foods and beverages from a range of claims such as natural, organic, good source of vitamins/minerals, no sugar/no added sugar (particularly in beverages), low fat and high protein/fibre etc. With sugar tax laws introduced around the world, along with growing diet fads like plant-based diets or the prevalence of gluten/lactose free alternatives, companies are increasingly reformulating their products to meet consumer demands, while focusing on claims such as natural, free-from, fortified/functional and more sustainable ingredients/packaging - benefiting both body and mind.^{Footnote 4}

Canadian exports to South Korea – fresh organic products

Canada exported a total of Can$684.6 million in fresh or unprocessed organic products to the world in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 10.4% from Can$461.0 in 2019. Leading export markets for these certified organic commodities from Canada were the United States (52.7%), Germany (5.8%), Japan (5.2%), China (3.9%) and France (3.4%). The top five exported certified organic commodities were organic maple syrup (HS: 17022021), organic soya beans, excluding seed for sowing (HS:12019020), organic roasted coffee, not decaffeinated (HS: 09012110), organic dried and shelled green lentils, including French (HS: 07134021), and fresh/chilled organic greenhouse tomatoes (HS: 07020011) in 2023.

South Korea was Canada's 6th largest export market for organic products, exporting a total of Can$19.1 million (market share: 2.8%) in 2023. Canadian exports for these products to South Korea have been increasing by a CAGR of 33.9% between 2019 and 2023. The top five exported organic commodities to South Korea in 2023, were organic soya beans (excluding seed for sowing) at Can$5.4 million (market share: 28.4%), organic oat (excluding seed for sowing) at Can$4.1 million (21.6%), organic Durum wheat (excluding seed for sowing) at Can$3.2 million (16.7%), organic maple syrup at Can$3.2 million (16.6%), and organic yellow peas, dried/shelled (excluding seed for sowing) at Can$1.6 million (8.4%) in 2023.

Retail sales - organic packaged food

In 2022, retail sales of organic packaged food products in South Korea totalled US$417.9 million. Top organic categories with the highest sales included staple foods - organic rice, pasta and noodles (US$109.3 million); organic dairy and alternatives - particularly, drinking milk products, including plant-based (US$100.2 million) and organic baby food (US$64.1 million); organic savoury snacks (US$27.0 million), and within the cooking ingredients and meals category were organic sauces, dips and condiments (US$19.1 million). Albeit, categories that registered the highest 4-year CAGRs (2019-2022) were organic processed fruit and vegetables (20.0%), organic butter and spreads (15.3%), and organic edible oils (14.3%). Over the same period, processed organic categories that declined were savoury snacks, sweet biscuits, snack bars and fruit snacks, cheese, yogurt, sauces, dips and condiments, confectionery, breakfast cereals, and baby food.

Overall, the organic category in South Korea is expected to decline by a CAGR of 1.6% between 2022 and 2027. All organic categories over this period are expected to experience a decline or only maintain small changes at the exception of organic baked goods (CAGR: from 3.1% to 10.4%) and baby food (CAGR: from −0.5% to 4.3%) between 2022 and 2027. With the largest forecast declines being from within the organic yogurt (−36.9%), organic process fruit and vegetables (−36.3%), and meals and soups category (−35.6%).

Organic rice, pasta and noodles

Retail sales

In 2023, rice, pasta and noodles was the largest organic packaged food segment in South Korea registering a total retail sales value of US$109.3 million, growing historically by a CAGR of 0.6% between 2019 and 2022. This total mainly consisted of organic rice that reached sales of US$99.4 million (90.9%), followed by organic noodles at US$8.9 million (8.2%), and organic pasta at US$0.9 million (0.9%) in 2022.

Sales in the organic rice, pasta and noodles category is forecast to decrease by a total CAGR of 7.5% (2022-2027) down to US$74.1 million in 2027. Organic noodles are expected to become more in demand, however, growing by a CAGR of 16.4%; while, organic rice is expected to decline by a CAGR of 11.5% over the forecast period.

Competitive landscape - organic rice, pasta and noodles

In 2022, leading retail companies (brand) in the organic rice, pasta and noodles category in South Korea included National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (Noghyup) at sales of US$26.6 million (24.3%), Lin de Yuan Inc. (Golden Queen) at US$9.8 million (9.0%), and CJ Corporation (CJ) at US$5.3 million (4.9%).

Retail distribution channels - staple foods

In 2023, store-based retailing distribution of staple foods like organic rice, pasta and noodles products totalled a market share of 81.7% mainly consisting of grocery retailers such as super/hypermarkets (49.7%), food/drink tobacco specialists (11.0%), convenience and forecourt retailer stores (10.7%), and small local grocers (5.1%). Non-store e-commerce retailing for staple food products held a 18.3% market share, which has increased by a CAGR of 14.7% from online sales of US$1.4 billion in 2019 to US$2.4 billion in 2023.

Organic drinking milk products and baby food

Retail sales

In 2022, organic drinking milk products was the 2nd largest category in the organic segment in South Korea that totalled US$100.2 million, growing by a CAGR of 8.0% between 2019 and 2022. Organic milk was the largest subsector within the drinking milk product category at sales of US$70.3 million (market share: 70.2%), followed by organic flavoured milk drinks at US$21.6 million (21.6%), and organic plant-based milk products decreasing to US$8.3 million (8.3%) in 2022.

In 2022, organic baby food products was the 3rd largest category in the organic segment in South Korea that totalled US$64.1 million, which has declined by a CAGR of −0.5% (2019-2022); yet is forecast to increase by a CAGR of 4.3% (2022-2027). The organic baby food subsector consisted of organic prepared baby food decreasing to registered sales of US$22.6 million (market share: 35.3%), organic baby milk formula decreasing to US$5.9 million (9.2%), and other organic baby food decreasing to US$35.6 million (55.5%) in 2022.

Competitive landscape - organic drinking milk products and baby food

In 2022, leading retail companies (brands) in the organic drinking milk products category in South Korea included Maeil Dairies Co Ltd. (Maeil, Sangha, Calcium Soy Milk) at sales of US$69.6 million (69.5%), Seoul Dairy Cooperative (Seoul) at US$14.7 million (14.6%), and the Lotte Group (Pasteur) at US$2.5 million (2.5%). Private labels in the organic drinking milk products category registered total sales of US$0.6 million (0.6%) in 2022.

In 2022, leading retail companies (brands) in the organic baby food category in South Korea included Hipp GmbH and Co Vertrieb KG (Hipp) at sales of US$29.8 million (46.4%), Namyang Dairy Products Co Ltd. (Organic Goat Milk Powder, Imperial Dream XO, Namyang, Aikkoya) at US$9.7 million (15.1%), and Maeil Dairies Co Ltd. (Maeil) at US$8.3 million (13%). Private labels in the organic baby food products category registered total sales of US$0.5 million (0.8%) in 2022.

Retail distribution channels - dairy products and alternatives

In 2023, store-based retailing distribution of dairy products and alternatives in South Korea totalled a market share of 78.0% mainly consisting of grocery retailers such as super/hypermarkets (37.8%), convenience and forecourt retailer stores (15.4%), small local grocers (10.7%), and warehouse clubs (5.2%). Warehouse club outlets have been growing the highest by a CAGR of 13.7% between 2019 and 2023. Non-store

e-commerce retailing for dairy products and alternatives held a 22% market share, which has increased by a CAGR of 14.2% from online sales of US$650.7 million in 2019 to US$1.1 billion in 2023. Direct selling, also, was a popular choice of distribution by a market share of 7.1% in 2023.

Organic savoury snacks

In 2022, organic savoury snack products in South Korea was the largest segment in the overall snack category at a total retail sales value of US$27.0 million, which has been declining historically by a CAGR of −22.8% (2019-2022) and forecast to continue to decline by a negative CAGR of 16.0% (2022-2027) to fall in sales down to US$11.3 million. Organic salty snacks had the highest sales in the organic savoury snack category at a value of US$15.8 million (58.5%), followed by organic nuts, seeds and trail mixes at US$7.4 million (27.4%), organic popcorn at US$1.8 million (6.7%), organic meat, seafood and other savoury snacks at US$1.4 million (5.2%), and organic savoury biscuits at US$0.5 million (1.9%) in 2022.

Competitive landscape - organic snacks

In 2022, leading retail companies (brand) in the organic snack category in South Korea included EcoFinia GmbH (Vivani) at US$2.0 million (5.2%), Shinsegae Co. Ltd. (E-Mart) at US$1.3 million (3.5%), and Pulmuone Co. Ltd. (Orga) at US$1.2 million (3.1%). Private label organic snack brands held a smaller total market value of US$0.1 million (0.4%) in 2022.

In 2022, leading retail companies (brand) within the organic savoury snack category in South Korea included Shinsegae Co. Ltd. (E-Mart) at US$1.3 million (4.9%), Pulmuone Co. Ltd. (Orga) at US$1.0 million (3.9%), Orion Group (Orion) at US$0.6 million (2.4%), McLLOYD's sro (BioSaurus) at US$0.6 million (2.1%), and CJ Corporation (CJ) at US$0.5 million (2.0%).

Retail distribution channels - Snacks

In 2023, store-based retailing distribution of snack products totalled a market share of 91.2%. While grocery retailers such as super/hypermarkets (46.2%) are slowly declining in sales growth by CAGRs of −1.0% and

-0.4% (2019-2023) respectively in the snack category, outlets such as convenience and forecourt retailers (share: 22.6%, CAGR: 4.2%), food/drink tobacco specialists (share: 5.0%, CAGR: 31.1%), warehouse clubs (share: 2.0%, CAGR: 13.3%), and discounter outlets (share: 0.6%, CAGR: 7.7%) have at the same time steadily gained a higher market share, often over the expense of traditional retailers. Small local grocers with a higher market share of 12.0% in 2023, are also, declining in sales share by a CAGR of −1.8% (2019-2023) - most likely due to increases in prices, where consumers are looking for added savings within discounters that offer products that come in larger volume packages.

Non-store e-commerce retailing for snack products held a 8.8% market share in 2023, which has increased by a CAGR of 15.5% from sales of US$295.0 million in 2019 to US$525.0 million in 2023. Direct selling of snacks have also increased over the same period, with market share of 0.1% and a CAGR of 15.5%.

Organic sauces, dips and condiments

In 2022, organic sauces, dips and condiments in South Korea was the largest segment in the overall cooking ingredients and meals category at a total retail sales value of US$19.1 million (share: 46.4%), which has been declining historically by a CAGR of −4.6% (2019-2022) and is forecast to improve and grow by a positive CAGR of 3.6% (2022-2027) to reach sales of US$22.8 million by 2027.

Competitive landscape - organic sauces, dips, sweet spreads and condiments

In 2022, leading retail companies (brand) in the organic sauces, dips and condiments category in South Korea included Daesang Corporation (Chungjungone) at sales of US$2.4 million (12.6%), Sempio Foods Co. Ltd. (Sempio) at US$1.3 million (6.8%), and Simply Organic Ltd. (Simply Organic) at US$1.2 million (6.5%). Private label organic sauces, dips and condiments held sales at a total market value of US$0.4 million (1.9%) in 2022.

Retail distribution channels - cooking ingredients and meals

In 2023, store-based retailing distribution of cooking ingredients and meals totalled a market share of 81.5% mainly consisting of grocery retailers such as hypermarkets (share: 30.4%), supermarkets (17.5%), convenience and forecourts retail stores (18.2%), and small local grocers (9.0%). Warehouse clubs grocery retailers have been growing the most at a market share of 2.1% in 2023 and growing by a CAGR of 22.1% (2019-2023). Non-store e-commerce retailing for cooking ingredients and meal products held an 18.5% market share, which has increased by a CAGR of 23.9% from sales of US$483.4 million in 2019 to US$1.1 billion in 2023.

Product launch and trend analysis

Mintel indicated that there were 1,196 new organic packaged food products launched (including new variety/range extension, packaging, formulation or relaunched) in South Korea's supermarkets between the period of January 2019 and February 27th, 2024. During this period, these organic food products consisted mainly from within categories such as new snacks (17.6%), sauces and seasonings (17.6%), side dishes (14.0%), dairy (13.3%), fruit and vegetables (7.2%), baby food (5.9%), breakfast cereals (4.6%), bakery (4.3%), sweet spreads (4.0%), and processed fish, meat and egg products (3.4%).

Top locations of manufacture of these organic products (when reported) included Italy (61), United States (40), South Korea (16), Spain (11), France (11), and Greece (11). Canada was the 10th largest import market to have products on the South Korean grocery store shelves. Canadian products in the South Korean market included two organic maple syrup products from companies Ferme Vifranc (brand: Ferme Vifranc Golden Drop) and Costco (Kirkland Signature) launched in August 2023 and February 2024, respectively. Weetabix's (brand: Weetabix Organic) whole grain organic breakfast cereal can also, be found within the South Korean market - launched in March 2021.

Description of above image

 

Packaged products launched	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024 (January to February)	Total
Organic packaged food	321	252	194	185	209	35	1,196
Snacks	80	34	24	32	33	8	211
Sauces and seasonings	46	42	41	32	46	4	211
Side dishes	44	34	23	17	41	8	167
Dairy	39	34	38	21	21	6	159
Fruits and vegetables	29	18	9	13	14	3	86
Baby food	22	17	3	14	12	2	70
Breakfast cereals	6	15	10	15	8	1	55
Bakery	12	10	10	11	9	0	52
Sweet spreads	10	18	8	5	6	1	48
Processed fish, meat and eggs	8	7	10	8	7	1	41
Source: Euromonitor International, 2024

Source: Mintel, 2024

Top parent companies launching the most new organic package food products in South Korea over the last year [Q1-2023 to Q1-2024] were Shinsegae (32), Orga Whole Foods (12), Cored International (11), Hansalim (7), Jilmajae Farm (6), and Pulmuone (5). New organic brands launched recently for the first time within the last six months in the South Korean market included Bellwether Farms (A2 organic whole milk plain yogurt), Natural Dream Healing Food (organic germinated glutinous brown rice- claimed to be anti-Cancer product), Daesang Chungjungone (organic dark cane sugar), and Organic Lab (dried mango slices).

In South Korea, the fastest growing flavour in these organic packaged food products were unflavoured/plain (+15%), with both tomato and mushroom - Shiitake flavours declining by −100% [Q1-2022 to Q1-2024]. New ingredients added to these products included Disodium Diphosphate, vegetable extracts, Marjoram, sodium phospates, natural garlic flavour, Bellflower root juice concentrate, Lactobacillus Casei, and Lactobacillus Lactis.

Leading claims used on these organic packaged food products within the last three months were ethical - sustainable habitat/resources (23.4%), environmental friendly product (19.2%), convenient packaging (19.2%), environmentally friendly package (17%), social media (12.8%), wholegrain (10.6%), and ethical - toxins free (8.5%). Amongst these products, top growing claims found alongside these organic packagings included convenient packaging (+166.7%), ethical - sustainable habitat/resources, low/no/reduced sodium, free from added/artificial additives (+100%), and ethical - environmentally friendly package (+60%); while declining claims at −100% included GMO free, all natural product, vegetarian, high/added fibre, premium [Q4-2022 compared to Q4-2023].

In the South Korean market, the highest growing categories for organic products included side dishes (+350%), baby food (+150%), and dairy (+75%); while top declining categories included breakfast cereals (−100%), fruit and vegetables (−83.3%), bakery (−66.7%), sauces and seasonings (−62.5%), snacks (−62.5%), and processed fish, meat and egg products (−50%) [Q1-2023 vs Q1-2024].

Product examples

Opportunities for Canada

The popularity of organic packaged food products in South Korea has seen stronger growth over the last 5-year review period and can now be found within several food categories - which, in South Korea was previously almost entirely concentrated primarily within the organic dairy, baby food, and rice food segments. Now more than ever, opportunities exist for Canadian suppliers that seek to take advantage of the growing popularity of organic foods in South Korea. South Koreans relying heavily on food imports, have a higher disposable income than many within the Asian-Pacific region and consumers have a willingness to spend on quality and safe organic products.

Effective on November 1, 2023, Canada and South Korea entered into an arrangement recognizing the national organic systems as being equivalent. The Canada - South Korea Organic Equivalency Arrangement (CSKOEA) helps provide an overview of the terms regarding each country's import, labelling and certification requirements for the trade of organic products that do not use food additives or other ingredients (to the extent that their original forms can still be recognized), whose final processing^{Footnote 5} and handling (no concerns about sanitary risks) occurs within South Korea or Canada.

Under the CSKOEA, Canadian suppliers of organic processed products can export to South Korea, as long as they are accompanied by a valid organic certificate; and a NAQS Import Certificate of organic processed foods both issued by a Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) accredited Certification body that attests to compliance with the terms of the arrangement. The benefits of this arrangement helps to eliminate the need for costly dual certification, provides better control and oversight with experts at the point of origin and develops good working relationships between the two competent authorities. For more information on the CFIA organic products and import requirements, please visit the following websites: Organic products - Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Canada's Organic Regime import requirements.

The Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement (CKFTA) was Canada's first FTA in the Asia-Pacific region, which entered into force in 2015. As of January 1, 2024, 99% of Canada's exports are eligible for duty-free access into Korea. For more information on what the CKFTA will mean for Canada's agriculture and agri-food sector visit the CKFTA for Agri-Food Exporters page. Further information on the state of Canadian market access to South Korea can be found through the Canada Tariff Finder.

South Korea is also in the process of applying to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which Canada has already signed, along with Australia, Brunei, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam.

For more information

The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service:

International Trade Commissioners can provide Canadian industry with on-the-ground expertise regarding market potential, current conditions and local business contacts, and are an excellent point of contact for export advice.

• Find a Trade Commissioner

More agri-food market intelligence:

International agri-food market intelligence
Discover global agriculture and food opportunities, the complete library of Global Analysis reports, market trends and forecasts, and information on Canada's free trade agreements.

Agri-food market intelligence service
Canadian agri-food and seafood businesses can take advantage of a customized service of reports and analysis, and join our email subscription service to have the latest reports delivered directly to their inbox.

More on Canada's agriculture and agri-food sectors:

Canada's agriculture sectors
Information on the agriculture industry by sector. Data on international markets. Initiatives to support awareness of the industry in Canada. How the department engages with the industry.

For additional information on the SFH – Seoul Food & Hotel 2024 (June 11 to 14) trade show, please contact:

Ben Berry, Deputy Director
Trade Show Strategy and Delivery
Agriculture and agri-food Canada
ben.berry@agr.gc.ca

Resources

• Euromonitor International | 31 May 2023. Country Report: Income and Expenditure: South Korea
• Euromonitor International | November 2023. Country Report: Health and Wellness in South Korea
• Euromonitor International | 16 November 2020. Opinion Analysis: Three Out of The World's Top Five Oldest Populations in Asia Pacific by 2040
• Global Trade Tracker, 2023
• Latitude | 29 February 2024. Presentation: Korean Market Overview – Organic Category (Canada)
• Mintel Global New Products Database, 2023
• The Canadian Food Inspection Agency – Food labels:
  • Canada Organic Regime import requirements
  • Organic products
  • Overview: Canada – South Korea Organic Equivalency Arrangement (CSKOEA)

Health and Wellness Series – Organic packaged food trends in South Korea
Global Analysis Report

Prepared by: Erin-Ann Chauvin, Senior Market Analyst

© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food (2024).

Photo credits
All photographs reproduced in this publication are used by permission of the rights holders.
All images, unless otherwise noted, are copyright His Majesty the King in Right of Canada.

To join our distribution list or to suggest additional report topics or markets, please contact:

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Global Analysis
1341 Baseline Rd, Tower 5, 3rd floor
Ottawa ON  K1A 0C5
Canada
Email: aafc.mas-sam.aac@agr.gc.ca

The Government of Canada has prepared this report based on primary and secondary sources of information. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information is accurate, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) assumes no liability for any actions taken based on the information contained herein.

Reproduction or redistribution of this document, in whole or in part, must include acknowledgement of agriculture and agri-food Canada as the owner of the copyright in the document, through a reference citing AAFC, the title of the document and the year. Where the reproduction or redistribution includes data from this document, it must also include an acknowledgement of the specific data source(s), as noted in this document.

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada provides this document and other report services to agriculture and food industry clients free of charge.